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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49636</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2026-28-1-217-230</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NDERJS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Party Systems of Russian Regions in the 2024 Elections: What is Left of the Competition?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Партийные системы регионов России на выборах 2024 года: что осталось от конкуренции?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9623-8608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpagin</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпагин</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Historical and Political Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры политологии, Факультет исторических и политических наук</p></bio><email>shpagin1972@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Public Policy and Public Administration</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Публичная политика и государственное управление</issue-title><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>230</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Shpagin S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Шпагин С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shpagin S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шпагин С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/49636">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/49636</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of the transformation of the Russian electoral and party systems, the study of the situation of political parties in the regions of Russia and the dynamics of the development of regional party systems is an urgent task. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of political competition in regional elections and determine the current trends in the development of party systems in Russian regions. The empirical basis of the work was the data of the Central Election Commission of Russian Federation on the participation of political parties in the elections of 2024 to the legislative assemblies of 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in comparison with the results of the two previous electoral cycles. A comprehensive analysis of the level of electoral competition in the regions was carried out on the basis of the author’s methodology, which includes both the traditional meaningful analysis of statistical materials and the use of an index approach (calculation of the effective number of parties). In the 2024 elections, a further decline in the number of parties and their level of activity was accompanied by a noticeable drop in the level of electoral competition compared to the results of a number of previous election campaigns. In most regions, not only a decrease in the number of nominated and registered party lists was recorded, but also a significant increase in the indicators of United Russia, as well as a significant decrease in the value of the index of the effective number of electoral parties. The effective number of parliamentary parties remains extremely low. The election results described mean that the previously observed trend of growing party diversity and fragmentation of electorates in the respective regions has been replaced by a trend of curtailment of party pluralism and consolidation of voters around an increasingly limited range of parties.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В условиях трансформации российской избирательной и партийной систем исследование положения политических партий в регионах России и динамики развития региональных партийных систем представляет собой актуальную задачу. Цель исследования - оценить уровень политической конкуренции на региональных выборах и определить актуальные тенденции развития партийных систем российских регионов. Эмпирической основой работы послужили данные ЦИК России об участии политических партий в выборах 2024 г. в законодательные собрания 12 субъектов Российской Федерации в сравнении с результатами двух предшествующих электоральных циклов. Комплексный анализ уровня электоральной конкуренции в регионах проведен на основе авторской методики, включающей в себя как традиционный содержательный анализ статистических материалов, так и применение индексного подхода (расчет эффективного числа партий). На выборах 2024 г. дальнейшее снижение количества партий и уровня их активности сопровождалось заметным падением уровня электоральной конкуренции по сравнению с результатами ряда предыдущих избирательных кампаний. В большинстве регионов зафиксировано не только сокращение числа выдвинутых и зарегистрированных партийных списков, но и значительный рост показателей «Единой России», а также существенное снижение значения индекса эффективного числа электоральных партий. Остается крайне низким и эффективное число парламентских партий. Описанные результаты выборов означают, что наблюдаемая ранее тенденция роста партийного разнообразия и фрагментации электоратов в соответствующих регионах сменилась тенденцией свертывания партийного плюрализма и консолидации избирателей вокруг все более ограниченного круга партий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>elections</kwd><kwd>legislative assemblies</kwd><kwd>political parties</kwd><kwd>regional party systems</kwd><kwd>effective number of parties</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>выборы</kwd><kwd>законодательные собрания</kwd><kwd>политические партии</kwd><kwd>региональные партийные системы</kwd><kwd>эффективное число партий</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradova, I.M. (2024). Remote electronic voting technology in Russia: implementation experience and future prospects. PolitBook, 2, 51–76. 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