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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48024</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2025-27-4-920-930</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GIZFPH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>СOUNTRY-SPECIFIC CASE STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРАНОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of Military Backgrounds in the Liberation Movements of Middle Eastern Leaders: A Case Study of the Free Officers Movement in Egypt</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль профессиональной военной подготовки в освободительных движениях лидеров Ближнего Востока: пример Движения свободных офицеров в Египте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0046-7281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elbathy</surname><given-names>Reem M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эльбаси</surname><given-names>Рим Махмуд Лабиб</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of the Department of Politics and Management, Faculty of Social Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант департамента политики и управления факультет социальных наук</p></bio><email>reem.MahmoudElbathy@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">HSE University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Высшая школа экономики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Politics in Africa and Africa in Politics</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Политика в Африке и Африка в политике</issue-title><fpage>920</fpage><lpage>930</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-12"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Elbathy R.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эльбаси Р.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Elbathy R.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эльбаси Р.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/48024">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/48024</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The military backgrounds allowed strategic discipline and command structures and elite networks to lead decolonization through the study of Egypt’s Free Officers Movement. The research shows that military officers who initiated uprisings such as Gamal Abdel Nasser employed their battlefield experience to rapidly achieve revolutionary objectives, while creating enduring authoritarian systems of control. The research uses content analysis along with historical-comparative analysis of primary documents to present new insights about how military origins influenced both liberation movements and permanent government systems in the region. The research demonstrates that military leadership functioned as a fundamental power force which molded revolutionary movements and state development in post-colonial nations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Профессиональная военная подготовка в прошлом позволило сформировать стратегическую дисциплину, командные структуры и элитные сети, что позволило Движению свободных офицеров Египта возглавить процессы деколонизации. Показано, как военные офицеры, инициировавшие восстание, такие как Гамаль Абдель Насер, использовали свой боевой опыт для быстрого достижения революционных целей, создавая при этом устойчивые авторитарные системы контроля. Исследование использует контент-анализ в сочетании с историко-сравнительным анализом первичных документов для представления выводов о том, как военное прошлое повлияло как на освободительные движения, так и на сложившиеся системы правления в регионе. Автор приходит к выводу, что военное руководство функционировало как фундаментальная опора власти, которая формировала революционные движения и векторы государственного развития в постколониальных странах.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Military Background</kwd><kwd>decolonization</kwd><kwd>coups</kwd><kwd>Egypt</kwd><kwd>historical analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>военный опыт</kwd><kwd>деколонизация</kwd><kwd>перевороты</kwd><kwd>Египет</kwd><kwd>сравнительный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2025 г. при поддержке гранта РНФ No 24-18-00650.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The study is the output of the research project implemented as a part of the Basic Research Programme at HSE University in 2025 with support by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 24-18-00650).</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abdel-Malek, A. 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