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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42659</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2024-26-4-720-732</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XXGNNH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IDENTITY AND SOCIO-POLITICAL DIVISIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РАЗМЕЖЕВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ethnicity in Censuses as an Instrument of Institutional Change: Theoretical Aspect</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этническая идентичность в переписях как инструмент институциональных изменений: теоретический аспект</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0190-0513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazukina</surname><given-names>Mariya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назукина</surname><given-names>Мария Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher of Institute for Humanitarian Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат политических наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, Институт гуманитарных исследований</p></bio><email>nazukina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Political Meanings, Identity Theory and the History of Ideas</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Политические смыслы, теория идентичности и история идей</issue-title><fpage>720</fpage><lpage>732</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Nazukina M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Назукина М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nazukina M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Назукина М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/42659">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/42659</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>When pursuing a policy in the field of managing political and territorial heterogeneity, States are forced to consider the complex nature of societies. To record data on the manifestation of certain identities, ethnic statistics are conducted, carried out more often in the census format. The changes recorded by identity censuses reflect changes in attitudes towards the most significant categories, their hierarchy, as well as the way these categories are grouped. The article aims to characterize the census as a tool for constructing ethnic groups, which leads to institutional changes in the very concepts of belonging, as well as to the reform of political institutions. Based on the theoretical foundation of the socio-constructivist approach, it is shown that the census not only and not so much reflects social reality in its ethnic aspect, but rather constructs it. The performative power of identity categories used to classify people by ethnicity has been recorded. The State practice of ethnic counting and classification gives ethnic categories their institutional form. It is proposed to consider ethnic categories in the context of the concept of institutionalization of ethnicity, the meaning of which is the rooting of ethnic categories in the political process. Through the approved categories, government agencies are able to record statistics, and determine a set of membership lists, and use these criteria of attributes in management practices. The key practices of instrumental solutions in this regard are related to the reforms of the administrative-territorial division, the system of government, the granting of autonomy, as well as various preferences.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проводя политику в сфере управления политико-территориальной гетерогенностью, государства вынуждены учитывать сложносоставной характер обществ. Для фиксации данных о проявлении тех или иных идентичностей ведется этническая статистика, осуществляемая чаще в формате переписи. Изменения, фиксируемые переписями, отражают отношение к наиболее значимым категориям, к их иерархии, а также способу группировки этих категорий. Цель исследования - охарактеризовать перепись как инструмент конструирования этнических групп, использование которого приводит к институциональным изменениям в самих представлениях о принадлежности, а также обуславливает реформирование политических институтов. На основе теоретического фундамента социально-конструктивистского подхода показано, что перепись не только и не столько отражает социальную реальность в ее этническом аспекте, сколько конструирует ее. Зафиксирована перформативная сила категорий идентичности, используемых для классификации людей по признакам этнической принадлежности. Государственная практика этнического подсчета и классификации придает этническим категориям их институциональную форму. Предложено рассматривать этнические категории в контексте концепта институционализации этничности, смысл которого заключается в укоренении этнических категорий в политическом процессе. Через утвержденные категории государственные органы получают возможность зафиксировать статистику, определить перечень принадлежности, использовать данные критерии признаков в управленческих практиках. Ключевые решения связаны с реформами административно-территориального деления и системы органов власти, предоставлением автономии и различных преференций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>census</kwd><kwd>ethnic statistics</kwd><kwd>reforms</kwd><kwd>institutions</kwd><kwd>politics</kwd><kwd>isomorphism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перепись</kwd><kwd>этническая статистика</kwd><kwd>реформы</kwd><kwd>институты</kwd><kwd>политика</kwd><kwd>изоморфизм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в Пермском федеральном исследовательском центре Уральского отделения РАН при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 23-18-00530 «Почему заимствуют неэффективные институты? Управление политико-территориальной гетерогенностью и обеспечение территориальной целостности государства». URL: https://rscf.ru/project/23-18-00530.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 2318-00530 (project “Why do inefficient institutions borrow? Management of political and territorial heterogeneity and ensuring territorial integrity State”) at the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. URL: https://rscf.ru/project/23-18-00530/</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson, B. (2001). Imaginary Communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism. Moscow: Canon-­Press-C, Kuchkovo field. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андерсон Б. Воображаемые сообщества: размышления об истоках и распространении национализма. 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