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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">39757</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2024-26-2-306-324</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MYRGAC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL IDENTITY AND IDENTITY POLICIES: SEMANTIC FOUNDATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ И ПОЛИТИКА ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ: СМЫСЛОВЫЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ И ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Imagining the Russian Nation: Who, According to the Residents of Russia, Constitute Russian Society, and Can an Outsider Become its Member?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Воображая российскую нацию: кто, с точки зрения жителей России, является частью российского общества и можно ли стать его частью?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5901-8470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Varshaver</surname><given-names>Evgeni A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варшавер</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Sociology, Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Regional Research and Urban Studies, Institute of Applied Economic Research, RANEPA, Head of Group for Migration and Ethnicity Research, Associate Professor at HSE University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат социологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра региональных исследований и урбанистики ИПЭИ РАНХиГС, руководитель Группы исследований миграции и этничности, доцент Национального исследовательского университета Высшая школа экономики</p></bio><email>varshavere@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1140-2334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Nataliya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Наталия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MA in Sociology, Research Fellow at the Centre for Regional Research and Urban Studies, Institute of Applied Economic Research, RANEPA, Lead Researcher at Group for Migration and Ethnicity Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр социологии, научный сотрудник Центра региональных исследований и урбанистики ИПЭИ РАНХиГС, ведущий исследователь Группы исследований миграции и этничности</p></bio><email>nataliya.ivanova.0709@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-7062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Tatiana D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MA in International Relations, Researcher at Group for Migration and Ethnicity Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр международных отношений, исследователь Группы исследований миграции и этничности</p></bio><email>egorovatatianad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Group for Migration and Ethnicity Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Группа исследований миграции и этничности</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Higher School of Economics University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет Высшая школа экономики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">The Value-Worldview Foundations of Politics</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Ценностно-мировоззренческие основания политики</issue-title><fpage>306</fpage><lpage>324</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-02"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Varshaver E.A., Ivanova N.S., Egorova T.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Варшавер Е.А., Иванова Н.С., Егорова Т.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Varshaver E.A., Ivanova N.S., Egorova T.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Варшавер Е.А., Иванова Н.С., Егорова Т.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/39757">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/39757</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">This article presents the outcomes of a study that investigates the perceptions among residents of Russia regarding their membership in the Russian nation or society. The study employs interviews (100) and focus groups (40), carried out across five regions of Russia, as its primary data collection methods. The key methodological approach was to pose questions about societal membership and the integration of various migrant types into Russian society, thus revealing underlying beliefs about the criteria for belonging to the Russian nation or society. This approach was especially insightful for understanding perceptions about groups that are typically not questioned about their societal membership. The study identifies two distinct types of societal membership: “organic” and “acquired”. Organic membership is socially ascribed to individuals born in Russia or those with ancestors born in Russia. This category often overlaps with national identity, rendering ethnic Russians born in Russia the quintessential members of Russian society. However, organic membership is not exclusively reserved for ethnic Russians; it extends to other ethnic groups considered part of “the peoples of Russia”, though they are seen as less typical members. Interestingly, the perception of these membership categories varies between regions with distinct national identities and those without such distinctions. Acquired membership, on the other hand, is contingent upon fulfilling specific criteria, such as familiarity with Russian (or regional) culture and a desire to be part of Russian society. Exceptionally, notable achievements can override these criteria. Unlike organic members, individuals with acquired membership can lose their societal status, except in cases of betrayal, which is nearly impossible for organic members. The findings are contextualized within citizenship studies, positing that the described constructs serve as a foundation for the institution of citizenship rather than the converse. Additionally, the study contributes to the ongoing cognitive turn in ethnicity research, offering new insights into the conceptualization of national and societal belonging.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Представлены результаты исследования, посвященного представлениям жителей России о членстве в российской нации/российском обществе. Эти представления были эксплицированы посредством интервью (100) и фокус-групп (40), проведенных в 5 регионах России. Основной методологический прием исследования состоял в том, что вопросы задавались о членстве в российском обществе и возможности вступления в него разного типа мигрантов, и за счет ответа на этот вопросы эксплицировались представления о принципах членства в российской нации/российском обществе в целом, в том числе применительно к тем, в отношении кого этот вопрос обычно не ставится. Согласно результатам, есть два типа членства: «органическое» и «приобретенное». «Органическое» членство атрибутируется общественным сознанием тем, кто родился в России и/или чьи родственники по восходящей линии родились в России. Последняя характеристика часто обобщается с помощью национальных категорий, в результате чего наиболее типичным членом российского общества является русский, родившийся в России, однако в «органическом» членстве в российском обществе не отказывается и представителям «народов России». Они, впрочем, являются менее типичными представителями российского общества. Эта совокупность конструктов, кроме того, различается в «национальных» регионах России и не имеющих такой специфики. «Приобретается» членство в российском обществе посредством удовлетворения ряду критериев, в частности - знание российской (и/или региональной) культуры, желание принадлежать к российскому обществу и проч. Можно, однако, совершить по-разному понимаемый подвиг и не сообразовываться с этими критериями. Люди с «приобретенным» членством, кроме того, могут перестать быть частью российского общества, что практически исключено в случае «органических» членов, если только они не совершат «предательство». Результаты помещаются в контекст исследований гражданства, и делается предположение, что описанные в статье конструкты являются источником института гражданства, а не наоборот, а также в контекст когнитивного поворота, происходящего в настоящий момент в исследованиях этничности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethnicity</kwd><kwd>nation</kwd><kwd>constructivism</kwd><kwd>imagination</kwd><kwd>Russian society</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этничность</kwd><kwd>нация</kwd><kwd>конструктивизм</kwd><kwd>воображение</kwd><kwd>российское общество</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект РНФ № 22-78-10038) «Когда мигранты становятся местными? Представления об интеграции мигрантов, распространенные среди представителей принимающего общества».</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The study is supported of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 22-78–10038) “When do migrants become local? Ideas about the integration of migrants, common among representatives of the host society.”</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson, B. (2008). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. london, new york: Verso.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бергер П.Л., Лукман Т. Социальное конструирование реальности. Трактат по социологии знания / пер. Е. Руткевич. 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