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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">38667</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2024-26-1-31-49</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KHWMSR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHINA IN WORLD POLITICS:   APPROACHES OF CHINESE AND RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КИТАЙ В МИРОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ:   ПОДХОДЫ КИТАЙСКИХ И РОССИЙСКИХ УЧЕНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hybrid Warfare and Operations in the Context of the National Security System: A Chinese Perspective</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гибридные войны и специальные операции в контексте воздействия на систему обеспечения национальной безопасности: взгляд из Китая</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7703-5218</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5183-2520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdrakhimov</surname><given-names>Leonid G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдрахимов</surname><given-names>Леонид Гимадитдинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate of the Comparative Political Science Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель кафедры сравнительной политологии</p></bio><email>van.leonid@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0740-2543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Liksok</surname><given-names>Alina O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ликсок</surname><given-names>Алина Омаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>trainee</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>слушатель</p></bio><email>arinalabibi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Alexander Nevsky Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военный университет имени князя Александра Невского Министерства обороны РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Turn to the East</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Поворот на Восток</issue-title><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Abdrakhimov L.G., Liksok A.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Абдрахимов Л.Г., Ликсок А.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdrakhimov L.G., Liksok A.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абдрахимов Л.Г., Ликсок А.О.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/38667">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/38667</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The relevance of the topic of the study lies in the fact that the problems of hybrid warfare, hybrid operations, hybrid influence have become especially important in the context of the complicated geopolitical situation in the world after February 2022. In the author’s opinion, Russia’s forced conduct of the Special military operation is one of the tools of the US hybrid influence on China. In the study several methods were applied: the content analysis of conceptualdoctrinal and normative documents, analyzed the views of Chinese scientists, political and military figures on hybrid warfare and operations, as well as publications of authoritative media on this issue. As a result, it is concluded that in the Chinese understanding hybrid wars and operations are becoming the main form of confrontation between states and blocs of states. At the same time, the hybrid impact is exerted on the national security assurance system, which should effectively counter “traditional and non-traditional” threats and challenges, that are hybrid. Chinese experts note that there is a risk of underestimating the responsibility for a possible global conflict, which may be caused by inadequate projection of hybrid threats onto a country or group of countries. The author also concludes that we may be witnessing one of the last stages of the unfolding U.S. hybrid war against China.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Проблематика гибридных войн, гибридных операций, гибридного воздействия приобрела особую значимость в контексте осложнившейся геополитической обстановки в мире после февраля 2022 г. Авторская гипотеза состоит в том, что вынуждение России к началу может трактоваться как один из инструментов гибридного воздействия США на КНР. В ходе работы были применены методы контент-анализа концептуально-доктринальных и нормативных документов, анализ подходов китайских ученых, политических и военных деятелей на гибридные войны и операции, а также публикации авторитетных СМИ по данной проблематике. В результате сделан вывод о том, что в китайском понимании проведение гибридных войн и операций становится основной формой противостояния между государствами и блоками государств на современном этапе. При этом гибридное воздействие оказывается на систему обеспечения национальной безопасности, которая в свою очередь должна эффективно противостоять «традиционным и нетрадиционным» угрозам и вызовам, которые и являются гибридными. Китайские специалисты отмечают, что существует риск недооценки ответственности за возможный глобальный конфликт, который может быть вызван неадекватным проецированием гибридных угроз на какую-либо страну или группу стран. Автор также приходит к выводу о том, что мы можем наблюдать одну из последних стадий разворачивания гибридной войны США против КНР.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hybrid warfare</kwd><kwd>hybrid operation</kwd><kwd>hybrid threat</kwd><kwd>Gerasimov’s doctrine</kwd><kwd>Chinese approach</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>PRC</kwd><kwd>national security</kwd><kwd>national security system</kwd><kwd>military strategy</kwd><kwd>threat</kwd><kwd>challenge</kwd><kwd>conflict</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гибридная война</kwd><kwd>гибридная операция</kwd><kwd>гибридная угроза</kwd><kwd>доктрина Герасимова</kwd><kwd>китайский подход</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>КНР</kwd><kwd>национальная безопасность</kwd><kwd>система обеспечения национальной безопасности</kwd><kwd>военная стратегия</kwd><kwd>угроза</kwd><kwd>вызов</kwd><kwd>конфликт</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdrakhimov, L.G. 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