<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37387</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2023-25-4-862-878</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WPEGTG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE WORLD OF THE POLITICAL</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИР ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Third-Way Trap? Constructivist Perception of Sanctions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ловушка третьего пути? Конструктивистский взгляд на санкции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-8830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananyev</surname><given-names>Boris I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьев</surname><given-names>Борис Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Theory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры политической теории</p></bio><email>b.i.ananyev@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MGIMO University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">New Reversals in the Theory and Methodology of Political Science</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Новые повороты в теории и методологии политической науки</issue-title><fpage>862</fpage><lpage>878</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-10"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Ananyev B.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Ананьев Б.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ananyev B.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ананьев Б.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/37387">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/37387</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The study examines whether it is relevant to use constructivist research instruments in order to study the sanctions and the so-called countersanctions that were imposed on Russia and then by Russia after the events in Crimea in 2014 and February 24. I develop the arguments that were presented in the work “Sanctions in IR: Understanding, Defining, Studying” in an attempt to assess the explanatory capabilities of the three leading paradigms in IR. The question posed is: do realism, liberalism and constructivism coherently and consistently explain the nature of the fast-growing scope of sanctions that tend to be implemented without the UN Security Council’s approval? The third way (constructivist one) seems to be efficient since there are difficulties with studying sanctions from the perception of the overwhelming rationality. To be concrete, I test the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy that obtained proponents in psychology and the theory of decision-making as well but hasn’t been actively promoted in IR studies. Nevertheless, it seems to be useful to explain the sustainability of sanction’s regime, which - paradoxically - from the first glance brings no profit but harm to each party involved. Moreover, it corelates with realist scholars’ perception of IR nature (particularly, security dilemma). Finally, four basic and one extra preconditions for self-fulfilling scenarios in the international arena are outlined, applicable not just to the “sanction’s” field, but also to the current principles of cross-state interactions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Исследование посвящено поиску ответа на вопрос, могут ли методологические решения и исследовательский инструментарий конструктивистов-международников представлять ценность для изучения санкционной проблематики в ее текущем виде. Развивая логику рассуждений, намеченную в предыдущей работе «Санкции в теории международных отношений: методологические противоречия и проблемы интерпретации», автор продолжает оценку объяснительного потенциала ведущих классических школ теории международных отношений применительно к экономическим мерам дискриминационного характера, инициированным в одностороннем порядке без участия Совета Безопасности ООН. При тестировании возможностей конструктивизма («третьего пути»), автор обращает внимание на систематические сбои, возникающие при попытках описывать санкции с позиций классической рациональности, что оставляет пространство для их анализа на основе постпозитивистского принципа интерпретативности, характерного для европейского варианта конструктивистской школы международных исследований. В качестве конкретного образца эвристически-полезного исследовательского инструмента рассматривается концепция самосбывающегося пророчества, которая активно разрабатывалась в психологии и теории принятия решений, однако не обрела должного признания непосредственно в теории международных отношений. Вместе с тем подобный взгляд на санкции, во-первых, позволяет объяснить, почему, несмотря на периодически звучащие заявления политиков о том, что санкции невыгодны всем участникам противостояния, субъективно худший сценарий продолжает претворяться в жизнь, а во-вторых, резонирует с аргументами международников-реалистов относительно природы и характера дилеммы безопасности. Автор выделяет четыре основных и одно дополнительное условие, которые в совокупности создают предпосылки для возникновения на международной арене самосбывающихся сценариев. Эти условия органично вписываются в текущую санкционную повестку, что позволяет говорить о релевантности концепции самосбывающегося пророчества как при анализе посткрымских и постфевральских санкций, так и при рассмотрении современных принципов международного общения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>IR theory</kwd><kwd>political theory</kwd><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>economic sanctions</kwd><kwd>constructivism</kwd><kwd>selffulfilling prophecy</kwd><kwd>methodology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория международных отношений</kwd><kwd>политическая теория</kwd><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>экономические санкции</kwd><kwd>конструктивизм</kwd><kwd>самосбывающееся пророчество</kwd><kwd>методология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva, T.A. (2014). Think like constructivist: Discovering a polyphonic world. Comparative Politics Russia, 5, 1(14), 4–21. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2014-5-1 (14)-4-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т.А. Мыслить конструктивистски: открывая многоголосный мир // Сравнительная политика. 2014. № 5 (1 (14)). С. 4-21. https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2014-5-1 (14)-4-21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva, T.A. (2017). Theory of international relations in the mirrors of “scientific pictures of the world”: What’s next? Comparative Politics Russia, 8(4), 30–41. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-30-41</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т.А. Теория международных отношений в зеркалах «научных картин мира»: что дальше? // Сравнительная политика. 2017. № 8 (4). С. 30-41. https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-30-41</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva, T.A., Mineev, A.P., Fenenko, A.V., Loshkarev, I.D., &amp; Ananyev, B.I. (2016). Constructivism goes quantum: The approach reform. MGIMO Review of International Relations, 6(51), 7–13. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т.А., Минеев А.П., Лошкарёв И.Д., Ананьев Б.И. «Квантовый подход» к международным отношениям: научное издание / отв. ред. Т.А. Алексеева. М.: АНО «Редакция журнала «Знание-сила», 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva, T.A., Mineev, A.P., Loshkaryov, I.D., &amp; Ananyev, B.I. (2018). “Quantum” approach towards international relations. Moscow: Znanie-sila. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т.А., Минеев А.П., Фененко А.В., Лошкарёв И.Д., Ананьев Б.И. Зачем нужна «квантовая» реформа конструктивизма в теории международных отношений? // Вестник МГИМО-Университета. 2016. № 6 (51). C. 7-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ananyev, B. (2019). Sanctions in IR: Understanding, defining, studying. International Organisations Research Journal, 14(3), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2019-03-07</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ананьев Б.И. Санкции в теории международных отношений: методологические противоречия и проблемы интерпретации // Вестник международных организаций. 2019. Т. 14. № 3. С. 136-150. https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2019-03-07</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baudrillard J. (2014). The Transparency of evil. Moscow: Dobrosvet. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бодрийяр Ж. Прозрачность зла. М.: Добросвет, Издательство «КДУ», 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Baudrillard, J. (1993). The transparency of evil: Essays on extreme phenomena. Verso.] Booth, K., &amp; Smith, S. (Eds.). (1995). International Relations Theory Today. Oxford: Polity.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дарси Д.Д., Сталберг А.Н. Глухота сторон в клубке санкционных противоречий между США, ЕС и Россией: противоборствующие стратегические дискурсы и взаимное «подстегивание» // Вестник международных организаций. 2019. Т. 14. № 3. С. 69-98. https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2019-03-04</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Checlel, J (2008). Constructivism and foreign policy. In S. Smith, A. Hadfield &amp; T. Dunne (Eds.), Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дрезнер Д. Теперь все по-другому // Россия в глобальной политике. 2019. URL: https:// globalaffairs.ru/number/Teper-vse-po-drugomu-20087 (дата обращения: 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darsey, J., &amp; Stulberg, A.N. (2019). Deaf ears and the U.S.-EU-Russia sanctions tangle: Contending strategic discourses and mutual emboldenment. International Organisations Research Journal, 14(3), 69–98. https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2019-03-04</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кашин В.Б., Пятачкова А.С., Крашенинникова Л.С. Китайская политика в сфере применения экономических санкций: теория и практика // Сравнительная политика. 2020. Т. 11. № 2. С. 123-138. https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drezner, D. (2019). The sanctions paradox. Economic statecraft and international relations. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511549366</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кожанов Н.А., Исаев Л.М. Иран и санкции: опыт преодоления и влияние на социально-экономическое развитие // Азия и Африка сегодня. 2019. № 7. С. 24-31. https://doi.org/10.31857/ S032150750005565-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drezner, D. (2019). This time is different. Why U.S. foreign policy will never recover. Russia in global affairs. Retrieved May 10, 2023, from https://globalaffairs.ru/number/ Teper-vse-po-drugomu-20087</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конышев В.Н., Сергунин А.А., Субботин С.В. Социальный конструктивизм о проблемах безопасности // Теории и проблемы политических исследований. 2016. № 3. C. 94-112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feyerabend, P. (2007). Against method. Moscow: AST. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коргун И.А., Толорая Г.Д. К вопросу о продуктивности санкций в отношении КНДР // Полис. Политические исследования. 2022. № 3. С. 80-95. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2022.03.07</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomin, I.V., Kokarev, K.P., Ananyev, B.I., Silaev, N.Y., Sushentsov, A.A., &amp; Chekov, A.D. (2018). Forecasting practices in academic IR: Methodological mainstream and unsolved problems. MGIMO Review of International Relations, 63(6), 159–193. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2018-6-63-159-193</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Косолапов Н.А. Пороговый уровень и вероятность конфликта США // Международные процессы. 2008. Т. 6. № 18. С. 15-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herz, H. (1950). Idealist internationalism and the security dilemma. World Politics, 2(2), 157–180. https://doi.org/10.2307/2009187</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Монаган Э. Новая «Холодная война»? Злоупотребление историей и отказ понять Россию. 2015. URL: http://www.foreignpolicy.ru/analyses/novaya-holodnaya-voyna-zloupotreblenieistoriey-i-otkaz-ponyat-rossiyu/ (дата обращения: 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holsti, O. (1967). Cognitive dynamics and images of the enemy. Journal of International Affairs, 21 (1 Image and Reality in World Politics), 16–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеев В.М., Казанцев А.А., Медведева С.М. Кризис конструктивизма и методологические проблемы изучения международных отношений // Полис. Политические исследования. 2019. № 5. С. 56-70. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2019.05.05</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houghton, D. (2009). The role of self-fulfilling and self-negating theories in international relations. International Studies Review, 11, 552–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00873.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сушенцов А.А. Режим санкций и новая экономическая реальность // Россия в глобальной политике. 2017. URL: https://globalaffairs.ru/global-processes/Rezhim-sanktcii-inovayaekonomicheskaya-realnost-18669 (дата обращения: 10.05.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jervis, R. (1976). Perception and misperception in international politics: New edition. Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимофеев И.Н. Политика санкций в меняющемся мире: теоретическая рефлексия // Полис. Политические исследования. 2023a. № 2. С. 103-119. https://doi.org/10.17976/ jpps/2023.02.08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jervis, R. (2011). Dilemmas about security dilemmas. Security Studies, 20(3), 416–423. https://doi.org/0.1080/09636410903133050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимофеев И.Н. Как исследовать политику санкций? Стратегия эмпирического исследования // Международная аналитика. 2023b. № 14 (1). С. 22-36. https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-22-36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashin, V.B., Piatachkova, A.S., &amp; Krasheninnikova, L.S. (2020) Chinese economic sanctions policy: Theory and practice. Comparative Politics Russia, (2), 123–138. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимофеев И.Н. Санкции США против Ирана: опыт применения и перспективы развития // Полис. Политические исследования. 2018. № 4. C. 56-71. https://doi.org/10.17976/ jpps/2018.04.05</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konyshev, V.N., Sergunin, A.A., &amp; Subbotin, S.V. (2016). Social constructivism on security problems. Theories and Problems of Political Studies, (3), 94–112. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фейерабенд П. Против метода. М.: АСТ, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korgun, I.A., &amp; Toloraya, G.D. (2022). On the question of effectiveness of sanctions against DPRK. Polis. Political Studies, (3), 80–95. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17976/ jpps/2022.03.07</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фомин И.В., Кокарев К.П., Ананьев Б.И., Силаев Н.Ю., Сушенцов А.А., Чеков А.Д. Академические практики прогнозирования в международных отношениях: методологические доминанты и нерешенные проблемы // Вестник МГИМО-Университета. 2018. № 6 (63). С. 159-193. http://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2018-6-63-159-193</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kosolapov, N.A. (2008). The “Red lines” and the probability of conflict with the USA. International trends. Journal of International Relations Theory and World Politics, 6(18), 15–25. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Booth K., Smith S. (Eds.). International Relations Theory Today. Oxford: Polity, 1995</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozhanov, N.A., &amp; Issaev, L.M. (2019). Iran and sanctions: Experience of overcoming and influence on socio-economic development. Asia and Africa Today, (7), 24–31. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S032150750005565-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Checlel J. Constructivism and Foreign Policy // Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases / еd. by Steve Smith, Amekia Hadfield and Tim Dunne. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merton, R. (1968). Social theory and social structure. Free Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drezner D. The Sanctions Paradox. Economic Statecraft and International Relations. Cambridge University Press, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511549366</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monaghan, A. (2015). ‘New cold war’? abusing history, misunderstanding Russia. Retrieved May 10, 2023, from http://www.foreignpolicy.ru/analyses/novaya-holodnaya-voyna-zloupotreblenie-istoriey-i-otkaz-ponyat-rossiyu/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herz H. Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma // World Politics. 1950. Vol. 2, no. 2. P. 157-180. https://doi.org/10.2307/2009187</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schweller, R. (1996). Neorealism’s status-quo bias: What security dilemma? Security Studies, 5, 90–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636419608429277</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holsti O. Cognitive dynamics and images of the enemy // Journal of International Affairs. 1967. Vol. 21, no. 1. Image and Reality in World Politics. P. 16-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev, V.M., Kazancev, A.A., &amp; Medvedeva, S.M. (2019). The crisis of constructivism and methodological problems of studying international relations Polis. Political Studies, (5), 56–70. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2019.05.05</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Houghton D. The role of self-fulfilling and self-negating theories in international relations // International Studies Review. 2009. Vol. 11. P. 552-584. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00873.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sushentsov, A.A. (2017). Sanctions and the new reality in economics. Russia in global affairs. Retrieved May 10, 2023, from https://globalaffairs.ru/global-processes/ Rezhim-sanktcii-i-novayaekonomicheskaya-realnost-18669</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jervis R. Dilemmas About Security Dilemmas // Security Studies. 2011. No. 20. Iss. 3. P. 416-423. https://doi.org/0.1080/09636410903133050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas, W.I., &amp; Thomas, D.S. (1928). The child in America: Behavior problems and programs. New York: Knopf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jervis R. Perception and Misperception in International Politics: New Edition. Revised ed. Princeton University Press, 1976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timofeev, I.N. (2018). American sanctions against Iran: The experience of implementation and the perspectives. Polis. Political Studies, (4), 56–71. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17976/ jpps/2018.04.05</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merton R. Social Theory and Social Structure. Free Press, 1968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timofeev, I.N. (2023b). How to study the policy of sanctions? The vision of empirical research. Journal of International Analytics, 14(1), 22–36. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-22-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schweller R. Neorealism’s status-quo bias: What security dilemma? // Security Studies. 1996. Vol. 5. P. 90-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636419608429277</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timofeev, I.N. (2023a). Policy of sanctions in a changing world: theoretical reflection. Polis. Political Studies, (2), 103–119. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2023.02.08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas W.I., Thomas D.S. The child in America: Behavior problems and programs. New York: Knopf, 1928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasquez, J. (1999). The power of power politics: From classical realism to neotraditionalism. Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491733</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasquez J. The Power of Power Politics: From Classical Realism to Neotraditionalism. Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491733</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what states make of it: The social construction of power politics. International Organization, 46(2), 391–425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wendt A. Anarchy is What States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics // International Organization. 1992. Vol. 46, no. 2. P. 391-425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge studies in international relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612183</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wendt A. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612183</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
