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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37384</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2023-25-4-817-830</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QJXPTP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE WORLD OF THE POLITICAL</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИР ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Concept of the Political as a Space of Conceptual Controversies and Theoretical Debates</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Понятие политического как пространство концептуальных противоречий и теоретических дебатов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prigorian</surname><given-names>Nelly</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пригорян</surname><given-names>Нелли</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate of the Department of Comparative Politics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры сравнительной политологии</p></bio><email>1042215273@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">New Reversals in the Theory and Methodology of Political Science</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Новые повороты в теории и методологии политической науки</issue-title><fpage>817</fpage><lpage>830</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-10"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Prigorian N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Пригорян Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prigorian N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пригорян Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/37384">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/37384</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">In the field of political theory and philosophy, the concept of political has undergone a complex evolution over the past century. Since its inception in the pioneering work of K. Schmitt in 1927, this term has become a deeply controversial concept, the interpretation of which was carried out by the most significant political theorists and philosophers of the twentieth century. However, Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt, Jürgen Habermas, and John Rawls made notable contributions to understanding the term. This article aims to reveal and analyze the three main approaches to the conceptualization of the political and to identify the differences/similarities between the three formulations. Each conceptualization of the political is explored through the prism of three components: the perception of the other; the principle of building political relationships in society; and the nature of the conflict and the forms of its resolution. Based on the comparative method and cognitive analysis, the essence laid down by each author is derived: political as an existential confrontation between friend/enemy of K. Schmitt; political as an activity that realizes human freedom in the interpretation of H. Arendt; and political as the space of rational consensus in J. Habermas and J. Rawls. Nevertheless, common elements or consequences can be traced even in radical different formulations. The critical importance of the dynamic and evolving nature of the concept of the political is recognized, however, the explanatory power of each concept of the political reality of the present is questioned. In conclusion, a new level of conceptualization of the political is proposed, which considers the instability and uncertainty of the modern world.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В сфере политической теории и философии понятие политического претерпело за последнее столетие сложную эволюцию. С момента своего возникновения в новаторской работе К. Шмитта в 1927 г. этот термин превратился в глубоко полемическое понятие, трактовкой которого занимались наиболее значимые политические теоретики и философы ХХ в. Но особый вклад в понимание термина внесли Карл Шмитт, Ханна Арендт, Юрген Хабермас и Джон Ролз. Цель данного исследования - раскрыть и проанализировать три основных подхода к концептуализации политического и выявить схожее и различное между тремя формулировками. Каждая концептуализация политического исследуется через призму трех критериев: восприятие другого ; принцип выстраивания политических взаимоотношений в обществе; природа конфликта и формы его решения. Опираясь на сравнительный метод и когнитивный анализ, выводится сущность, заложенная каждым автором: политическое как экзистенциальное противостояние друг/враг К. Шмитта; политическое как деятельность, реализующая человеческую свободу в трактовке Х. Арендт; и политическое как пространство рационального консенсуса у Ю. Хабермаса и Д. Ролза. Тем не менее даже в радикально разных формулировках прослеживаются либо общие элементы, либо общие последствия. Признается ключевое значение динамичной и развивающейся природы понятия политического, однако ставится под сомнение объяснительная способность каждого концепта политической реальности настоящего времени. В заключении предлагается новый подход к концептуализации понятия политического, который принимает во внимание нестабильность и неопределенность современного мира.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political</kwd><kwd>sovereignty</kwd><kwd>deliberative democracy</kwd><kwd>rational discourse</kwd><kwd>justice</kwd><kwd>consensus</kwd><kwd>pluralism</kwd><kwd>conflict</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политическое</kwd><kwd>суверенитет</kwd><kwd>делиберативная демократия</kwd><kwd>рациональный выбор</kwd><kwd>справедливость</kwd><kwd>консенсус</kwd><kwd>плюрализм</kwd><kwd>конфликт</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer. Sovereign power and bare life. Stanford: Stanford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арендт Х. Vita activa, или о деятельной жизни. 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