RUDN Journal of Political ScienceRUDN Journal of Political ScienceВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология2313-14382313-1446Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)3404610.22363/2313-1438-2023-25-1-218-232IDEAS AND IDEOLOGIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTИДЕИ И ИДЕОЛОГИИ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ КОНТЕКСТЕResearch Article‘Property of the Nation’ - Resource Nationalism to Become a Political Doctrine in Contemporary Mongolia?«Достояние нации», или Cтанет ли ресурсный национализм политической доктриной современной Монголии?https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-2338MikhalevAlexey V.МихалевАлексей Викторович

Doctor of Political Sciences, Director of the Centre for Political Transformations Studies

доктор политических наук, директор Центра изучения политических трансформаций

mihalew80@mail.ruBuryat State UniversityБурятский государственный университет им. Д. Банзарова26032023251Ideas, Ideologies and Public ConsentИдеи, идеологии и общественное согласие21823225032023Copyright ©; 2023, Mikhalev A.V.Copyright ©; 2023, Михалев А.В.2023Mikhalev A.V.Михалев А.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/34046

The proposed paper is a study of resource nationalism. Resource nationalism appeared in Mongolia in the post-Socialist period. In this paper, we understand resource nationalism as a wide spectrum of strategies domestic elites employ in order to increase their control of natural resources - definition by Paul Domjan and Matt Stone. After an analysis of legal materials, mass media articles and political rhetoric, the author of this paper concludes that the sources of resource nationalism should be searched in the texts that date back to the Socialist era. Also, the sources of resource nationalism can be found in the ideas about justice of those times. The idea that natural resources belong to the people has been fixed in mass opinion, while contemporary nationalists justify this idea from the standpoint of “blood and soil”. That creates serious problems for Mongolia, a country with resource economy. The matter is that economic growth driven with foreign investments has caused a deep social stratification. In its turn, social stratification gave birth to a social demand for fair profit distribution from natural resource extraction. In the political sphere, this social demand quickly received a reaction - in the form of resource nationalism rhetoric. In the paper, we notice that resource nationalism in Mongolia has not been formed as a vivid legal or political doctrine. Today, it is a set of populist rhetoric of current interest which are used both for lobbying future political decisions in mining and for legitimizing the decisions already made.

В эпоху постсоциализма в Монголии получила распространение идеология ресурсного национализма, которая имеет все шансы стать общегосударственной. Под ресурсным национализмом в данной работе понимается широкий спектр стратегий, которые местные элиты используют для увеличения своего контроля над природными ресурсами, - определение Пола Домжана и Мэтта Стоуна. Автор на основе анализа юридических документов, материалов региональных массмедиа и политических риторик пришел к выводу о том, что истоки ресурсного национализма следует искать в текстах эпохи строительства социализма, а также в понимании справедливости в то время. Представления о природных ресурсах как о народном достоянии оказались прочно закреплены в массовом сознании, а современные националисты обосновали их с позиций «крови и почвы». Это создает серьезные проблемы для Монголии, поскольку она является страной с сырьевой экономикой. Дело в том, что экономический рост, обусловленный иностранными инвестициями, вызвал глубочайшее социальное расслоение. В свою очередь это породило запрос на справедливое распределение прибыли, получаемой от добычи природных ресурсов, являющихся национальным достоянием. В политической сфере достаточно быстро сформировался ответ на этот запрос в виде риторики ресурсного национализма. В статье отмечается, что ресурсный национализм в Монголии по сей день так и не оформился в четкую правовую или политическую доктрину. Сегодня он представляет собой набор актуальных популистских риторик, которые используются как для продвижения будущих политических решений в добывающей отрасли, так и для легитимизации уже принятых.

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