RUDN Journal of Political ScienceRUDN Journal of Political ScienceВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология2313-14382313-1446Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)3031910.22363/2313-1438-2022-24-1-120-135WOMEN IN PUBLIC POLICY: REPRESENTATION AND QUOTASЖЕНЩИНЫ В ПУБЛИЧНОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ: УЧАСТИЕ И КВОТИРОВАНИЕResearch ArticleGender Dimension of Digital Vigilantism in RussiaГендерное измерение цифрового вигилантизма в Россииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-5728VolkovaAnna V.ВолковаАнна Владимировна

Doctor of Science in Political Sciences, Professor, Department of Political Governance of the Faculty of Political Science

доктор политических наук, профессор кафедры политического управления, факультет политологии

AV.Volkova@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-2124LukyanovaGalina V.ЛукьяноваГалина Владимировна

PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Political Institutions and Applied Political Research of the Faculty of Political Science

кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры политических институтов и прикладных политических исследований, факультет политологии

g.lukiyanova@spbu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3386-8079KulakovaTatiana A.КулаковаТатьяна Александровна

Doctor of Science in Political Sciences, Professor, Department of Political Governance of the Faculty of Political Science

доктор политических наук, профессор кафедры политического управления, факультет политологии

t.kulakova@spbu.ruSaint Petersburg State UniversityСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет25022022241Women and Feminism in Global PoliticsЖенщины и феминизм в глобальной политике12013525022022Copyright ©; 2022, Volkova A.V., Lukyanova G.V., Kulakova T.A.Copyright ©; 2022, Волкова А.В., Лукьянова Г.В., Кулакова Т.А.2022Volkova A.V., Lukyanova G.V., Kulakova T.A.Волкова А.В., Лукьянова Г.В., Кулакова Т.А.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/30319

Digital vigilantism can be defined as the coordinated actions of civic groups in virtual space (not excluding the possibility of going offline) in response to imaginary or real actions of third parties or as the expression of outrage at a real-world event recorded and uploaded online. Digital vigilantism serves as an informalised institution of online civil society, regulating behaviour and punishing citizens for actions or intentions that are inappropriate from the vigilantes’ point of view. In modern Russia, movements that were formed as a result of the interactions between NGOs, individual activists and the authorities, that are now acting as auxiliary institutions, become quite popular. This phenomenon suggests the spread of guided vigilantism. The authors argue that the governmental structures recognize the impossibility of solving some conflict situations within formal institutions and therefore legitimize their regulation through network interactions. This article focuses on the gender aspects of digital vigilantism in Russia. In order to analyze gender characteristics of Russian vigilante communities, the authors collected the data on the subscribers of six online communities using the VKontakte API (application programming interface): “StopHam”, “Lev Protiv”, “Khrushi Protiv”, “Sorok Sorokov”, “Anti-Dealer” and “Sober Yard”. A dataset of 818 927 records was generated, which included basic socio-demographic information about the users (ID, user-specified name, gender, age, city). Analyzing the posts and comments uploaded over the last two years and the database of subscribers of typical vigilante communities in the VKontakte social network (2900 subscriptions), the authors were able to come closer to understanding users’ motivations, define the social portrait of a “typical digital vigilante” and identify gender characteristics of the movement. Research outcomes confirm the problematic persistence of gender asymmetry and the inheritance of enduring cultural stereotypes regarding the correlation between “the female” and “the male”, even concerning such a new form of civic activism in Russia as digital vigilantism.

Статья посвящена исследованию гендерных аспектов цифрового вигилантизма в России. Под цифровым вигилантизмом авторы, опираясь на многочисленные зарубежные исследования, понимают скоординированные действия гражданских групп в виртуальном пространстве (не исключающие переход в офлайн) в ответ на мнимые или реальные действия третьих лиц или выражение возмущения событием реального мира, зафиксированным и выложенным в сеть. Цифровой вигилантизм выступает как неформализованный институт сетевого гражданского общества, регулирующий поведение и карающий граждан за недопустимые с точки зрения вигилантов поступки или намерения. Сегодня в России популярны движения, которые были сформированы в результате взаимодействия общественных организаций, активистов-одиночек и власти, которые теперь выступают в роли вспомогательных институтов. Данное явление позволяет говорить о распространении управляемого вигилантизма. Таким образом, мы можем утверждать, что властные структуры признают невозможность разрешения отдельных конфликтных ситуаций в рамках формальных институтов, а потому легитимизируют их урегулирование посредством сетевого взаимодействия. Для исследования гендерных характеристик российских вигилантных сообществ при помощи API (application programming interface) ВКонтакте были собраны данные о подписчиках шести групп: «СтопХам», «Лев Против», «Хрюши против», «Сорок Сороков», «Антидилер», «Трезвый двор». Был сформирован датасет, состоящий из 818 927 записей, включающий основную социально-демографическую информацию о пользователях (ID, указанные пользователем имя, пол, возраст, город). Выполненная при помощи API ВКонтакте выгрузка постов и комментариев за последние два года, а также собранная база подписчиков типичных вигилантных сообществ в социальной сети ВКонтакте (2900 подписок) позволили приблизиться к пониманию мотивов пользователей, описать социальный портрет «типичного цифрового вигиланта» и определить гендерные характеристики движения. Результаты исследования подтверждают проблему сохранения гендерной асимметрии и наследования устойчивых культурных стереотипов о соотношении «женского» и «мужского» даже применительно к такой новой форме гражданского активизма в России, каким является цифровой вигилантизм.

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