RUDN Journal of Political ScienceRUDN Journal of Political ScienceВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология2313-14382313-1446Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2954010.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-4-692-705IDENTITY IN EUROPE AND ITS ACTORSИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ В ЕВРОПЕ И ЕЕ АКТОРЫResearch ArticleNot the Far-Right Only: Which Parties Occupy the Niche of Cultural Protectionism in the EU Countries?Не только ультраправые: какие партии занимают нишу культурного протекционизма в странах Евросоюза?https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-2503PetrovIvan I.ПетровИван Игоревич

postgraduate at the Postgraduate School of Political Science

аспирант аспирантской школы по политическим наукам

iip95@yandex.ruHSE UniversityНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»26112021234Identity in the Political Constructions of ModernityИдентичность в политических конструкциях современности69270526112021Copyright ©; 2021, Petrov I.I.Copyright ©; 2021, Петров И.И.2021Petrov I.I.Петров И.И.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/29540

In the 2010s many moderate parties in Europe began to use the agenda of the far-rights, competing with them on the same field. This article is devoted to the problem of inter-party competition in European countries amidst the rise of far-right parties. We also intended to check if the far-right profile is the same for all EU countries. To achieve the goal of the study, we used two databases on party positioning - MARPOR (Comparative Manifesto Project) and CHES (Chapel Hill Expert Survey). The study revealed that the consolidated family of the far-rights exists only in the countries of North-Western Europe, while in the countries of East-Central Europe the agenda of the far-rights is less consolidated and regionally heterogeneous. The mainstream competitors of the far-rights included mostly conservatives in North-Western Europe, and various parties, including the Social Democrats, in East-Central Europe. The study confirmed the hypothesis about the serious influence of the far-rights on mainstream politics. At the same time, it questioned the traditional approach which attributes the far-right profile only to far-right parties and ignores both regional differences and the factor of spatial competition.

В фокусе внимания проблема межпартийной конкуренции в странах Европы на фоне подъема ультраправых партий. Целью исследования служит проверка гипотезы о том, что в европейской политике 2010-х многие партии умеренного толка стали использовать повестку ультраправых, конкурируя с ними на одном поле. Также мы хотели проверить, насколько профиль ультраправых един для стран ЕС. Для достижения цели исследования были использованы базы данных о позиционировании партий MARPOR (Comparative Manifesto Project) и CHES (Chapel Hill Expert Survey). В ходе исследования было выявлено, что консолидированное семейство ультраправых имеется лишь в странах Северо-Западной Европы, в то время как в странах Центрально-Восточной Европы повестка ультраправых и менее консолидирована, и регионально неоднородна. Среди мейнстримных конкурентов ультраправых в Северо-Западной Европе при этом доминировали консерваторы, в Центрально-Восточной - различные партии, включая социал-демократов. Полученные выводы подтвердили положения ряда исследований о серьезном влиянии ультраправых на мейнстримную политику. Одновременно с этим они ставят под сомнение традиционный подход, приписывающий ультраправый профиль лишь ультраправым партиям и игнорирующий как региональные различия, так и фактор пространственной конкуренции.

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