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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29529</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-4-525-544</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE DIMENSIONS OF IDENTITY IN MODERN RUSSIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГРАНИ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Interpretation of Communism and Post-Communist Transformations in Russia: Modern Theoretical Discussions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Интерпретации коммунизма и посткоммунистических трансформаций в России: современные теоретические дискуссии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-2558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gutorov</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуторов</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Science in Philosophy, Professor, Head of the Department of Theory and Philosophy of Politics, Faculty of Political Science</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой теории и философии политики факультета политологии</p></bio><email>gut-50@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-2256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirinyants</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширинянц</surname><given-names>Александр Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Science in Political Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History of Social and Political Doctrines of the Faculty of Political Science</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор политических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой истории социально-политических учений факультета политологии</p></bio><email>jants@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Identity in the Political Constructions of Modernity</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Идентичность в политических конструкциях современности</issue-title><fpage>525</fpage><lpage>544</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Gutorov V.A., Shirinyants A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Гуторов В.А., Ширинянц А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gutorov V.A., Shirinyants A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гуторов В.А., Ширинянц А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/29529">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/29529</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The analysis of discussions on various aspects of the evolution of the modern state, the specifics of post-communist transformations and the role that Marxism and the tradition of radical socialist thought can play in the near future in their search for a way out of the crisis generated by the agony of the neoliberal global world order. As a starting point for the analysis, theoretical articles published in the second edition of the collection “Communism, Anticommunism, Russophobia in post-Soviet Russia. 2nd ed., Add. / Auth.: P.P. Apryshko et al. - Moscow: World of Philosophy, Algorithm, 2021 (607 p.) were selected. A comparative analysis of the polemical works of domestic scientists, political theorists and philosophers with those discussions that for many decades have been conducted by their colleagues abroad clearly indicates that today none of the existing ideologies, as well as the paradigms of economic and socio-political theory, can pretend to be the only recourse. The experience of recent decades clearly excludes the very possibility of transforming the economy and society on the basis of a certain universal synthetic model. In post-communist Russia, the heat of political passions, which stimulates the extreme polarization of political programs for overcoming the crisis, also hinders the achievement of agreement and the search for a solution acceptable to all.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Анализ дискуссий по различным аспектам эволюции современного государства, специфики посткоммунистических трансформаций позволяет судить о той роли, которую могут в ближайшей перспективе играть марксизм и традиция радикальной социалистической мысли в поисках выхода из кризиса, порожденного агонией неолиберального глобального миропорядка. В качестве исходного момента анализа были выбраны некоторые теоретические статьи, опубликованные во втором издании сборника «Коммунизм, антикоммунизм, русофобия в постсоветской России» (2-е изд., доп. / авт. кол.: П.П. Апрышко и др. М.: Мир философии, Алгоритм, 2021. 607 с.). Сравнительный анализ полемических работ отечественных ученых, политических теоретиков и философов с теми дискуссиями, которые вот уже не одно десятилетие ведутся их коллегами за рубежом, отчетливо свидетельствует, что сегодня ни одна из существующих идеологий, равно как и парадигм экономической и социально-политической теории, не могут претендовать на роль монопольного спасительного средства. Опыт последних десятилетий явно исключает саму возможность преобразования экономики и социума на основе некоей универсальной синтетической модели. В посткоммунистической России накал политических страстей, стимулирующий крайнюю поляризацию политических программ выхода из кризиса, также препятствует достижению согласия и поиску приемлемого для всех решения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political ideologies</kwd><kwd>neoliberalism</kwd><kwd>communism</kwd><kwd>Marxist tradition</kwd><kwd>global capitalism</kwd><kwd>democracy</kwd><kwd>modernization</kwd><kwd>nation state</kwd><kwd>post-communist transformations</kwd><kwd>Eurocommunism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политические идеологии</kwd><kwd>неолиберализм</kwd><kwd>коммунизм</kwd><kwd>марксистская традиция</kwd><kwd>глобальный капитализм</kwd><kwd>демократия</kwd><kwd>модернизация</kwd><kwd>национальное государство</kwd><kwd>посткоммунистические трансформации</kwd><kwd>еврокоммунизм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований и Экспертного института социальных исследований, проект № 21-011-31167 «Неолиберализм в современном политическом дискурсе: “посттрадиционный порядок” и кризис идентичности».</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The article was prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Expert Institute for Social Research, project No. 21-011-31167 “Neoliberalism in modern political discourse: ‘post-traditional order’ and the crisis of identity”.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdyaev, N. 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