RUDN Journal of Political ScienceRUDN Journal of Political ScienceВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология2313-14382313-1446Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2730710.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-3-424-445WORLD POLITICS AND GLOBAL LEADERSHIPМИРОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА И ГЛОБАЛЬНОЕ ЛИДЕРСТВОReview ArticleThe Concept of Multipolarity: Diversity of Approaches and InterpretationsКонцепция многополярности: многообразие подходов и интерпретацийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2489-3002SoluianovVladislav S.СолуяновВладислав Сергеевич

Postgraduate Student, Department of Comparative Politics

аспирант кафедры сравнительной политологии

soluyanov_vladislav@mail.ruPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Российский университет дружбы народов31082021233World Politics and Prospects for DemocracyМировая политика и перспективы демократии42444531082021Copyright ©; 2021, Soluianov V.S.Copyright ©; 2021, Солуянов В.С.2021Soluianov V.S.Солуянов В.С.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/27307

The author regards multipolarity as a question open for discussion, the variety of answers to which contribute not only to the comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon, but also to the perception of processes taking place in the world politics. The content of the multipolarity concept is revealed through the perspectives of realism, neorealism, civilizational approach, regional approach, liberalism, and constructivism. From the realism perspective, multipolarity can be considered as an objective reflection of the world development. The foundation of multipolarity consists in the growth of economic, military, and political potential of non-Western powers and the weakening of the US position as a global leader. Neorealism views multipolarity as a property of the international system which affects the behavior of states. The civilizational approach focuses on identifying civilizations as new actors and centers of power on the world stage. The regional approach highlights the importance of the increasing regionalization processes and creation of regional integration systems, which contribute to the formation of multipolarity in the context of the rise of regional powers and weakening of the US’s world position. Liberalism seeks to assess the impact of multipolarity on the stability and security of the international system. Along with the predictable attitude to multipolarity as a threat to peace and security, there is another more optimistic point of view. Constructivism regards multipolarity as a foreign policy discourse and a project of several states, primarily Russia. The results allow to see multipolarity from different perspectives and develop a more comprehensive and objective understanding of this phenomenon.

Автор рассматривает многополярность как открытый для дискуссии вопрос, многообразие ответов на который не только способствует комплексному пониманию изучаемого феномена, но также приближает к осознанию происходящих в мире процессов. Сущностное содержание концепции многополярности раскрывается через ее осмысление с позиций реализма, неореализма, цивилизационного подхода, регионального подхода, либерализма и конструктивизма. С позиций реализма многополярность может рассматриваться как объективное отражение тенденций мирового развития. Фундаментом многополярности выступает рост экономического, военного, политического потенциала незападных держав и ослабление позиций США как глобального лидера. Неореализм рассматривает многополярность как свойство международной системы, оказывающее влияние на поведение государств. Цивилизационный подход фокусируется на определении цивилизаций в качестве новых акторов и центров силы на мировой арене. Региональный подход акцентирует внимание на усиливающихся процессах регионализации, создании региональных интеграционных систем, которые в условиях роста потенциала региональных держав и ослабления позиции США в мире способствуют формированию многополярности. Либерализм, в первую очередь, стремится оценить влияние многополярности на стабильность и безопасность международной среды. Наряду с предсказуемым отношением к многополярности как угрозе миру и безопасности существует иная, более оптимистичная точка зрения. Конструктивизм рассматривает многополярность как внешнеполитический дискурс и проект ряда государств, в первую очередь России. Полученные выводы позволяют взглянуть на многополярность с разных сторон, приблизиться к комплексному и объективному пониманию данного феномена.

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