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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">27305</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2021-23-3-394-406</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GEOPOLITICS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRACY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕОПОЛИТИКА И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ДЕМОКРАТИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Poland and Hungary: Democratic Backsliding and the Shifting European Political Landscape</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Польша и Венгрия: демократический откат и сдвиг политического ландшафта Европы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0794-0153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Everett</surname><given-names>Judas</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эверетт</surname><given-names>Джудас</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate of the Doctoral School of Political Science</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант Аспирантской школы по политическим наукам</p></bio><email>judas.everett@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-08-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">World Politics and Prospects for Democracy</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Мировая политика и перспективы демократии</issue-title><fpage>394</fpage><lpage>406</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Everett J.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Эверетт Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Everett J.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эверетт Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/27305">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/27305</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">This study focuses on the role of Poland and Hungary in the shifting European political landscape, especially considering their recent democratic backsliding. Methodologically, the impact of domestic factors, specifically those involved in democratic backsliding, are qualitatively considered as a source of Poland and Hungary’s international policy, focusing on European politics. There is significant literature available on the waves and counter waves of democratic change in the world, which is used to provide context for the cases at hand. Then, the theory of consolidation of democracy is considered, including whether Poland and Hungary were really cases of consolidated democracies. The developing Polish-Hungarian coalition, in the European context, is then considered. The two nations’ role in driving the EU towards a more restrictive migration policy during the migration crisis is discussed, as is the future EU role of Poland and Hungary. The article finds that whether through extreme pressure, setting the agenda or leading the way, as during the migrant crisis, or forming a new European political grouping, Poland and Hungary look set to actively attempt to mould the EU, and European politics more generally, to their liking.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Фокусом представленной работы является роль Польши и Венгрии в изменении общеевропейского политического ландшафта, особенно с учетом предполагаемого отхода этих стран от демократических стандартов в последние годы. Используется методология количественной оценки влияния внутриполитических факторов, в особенности связанных с режимной трансформацией, на внешнюю политику Польши и Венгрии, с акцентом на их взаимоотношениях с Европейским союзом. Кейсы анализируются в контексте обширной литературы по волнам и откатам демократизации, а также в свете теории демократической консолидации. Рассматривается вопрос о том, являлись ли Польша и Венгрия полноценными консолидированными демократиями. Также исследуется становление коалиции Польши и Венгрии; обсуждаются роль этих двух стран в продвижении более жесткой иммиграционной политики во время европейского миграционного кризиса, а также будущая роль Польши и Венгрии в ЕС. Делается вывод о том, что Польша и Венгрия намерены активно влиять на устройство ЕС и европейскую политику в целом как с помощью инструментов давления, формирования повестки и лидерства, в частности во время миграционного кризиса, так и посредством создания новой политической группы влияния.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Poland</kwd><kwd>Hungary</kwd><kwd>Democratic Backsliding</kwd><kwd>the European Union</kwd><kwd>European politics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Польша</kwd><kwd>Венгрия</kwd><kwd>демократическое отступление</kwd><kwd>Европейский союз</kwd><kwd>европейская политика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Badie, B., Berg-Schlosser, D., &amp; Morlino, L. (Eds.). (2011). International encyclopedia of political science. SAGE Publications.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bakke, E., &amp; Sitter, N. (2020). 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