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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24939</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-4-579-589</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RELIGION, NATION, IDENTITY: POLITICAL MEANINGS IN THE MODERN WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЛИГИЯ, НАЦИЯ, ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ: ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗВУЧАНИЕ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Nation and Religion: towards Definition of Religious Nationalism</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нация и религия: к определению понятия «религиозный национализм»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitnikov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситников</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor of the Department of State-Confessional Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры государственно-конфессиональных отношений Института государственной службы и управления</p></bio><email>sitnikov-av@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">RELIGION IN POLITICS AND POLITICS IN RELIGION</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">РЕЛИГИЯ В ПОЛИТИКЕ И ПОЛИТИКА В РЕЛИГИИ</issue-title><fpage>579</fpage><lpage>589</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-11-15"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Sitnikov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Ситников А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sitnikov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ситников А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/24939">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/24939</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the article is to study the phenomenon of religious nationalism, i.e. cases when religion and nationalism are closely related and reinforce each other, and religious identity becomes an important and integral part of national identity. The author aims to analyze the political context of cases of religious nationalism in European countries, to describe their essential features and conditions of occurrence, and also to answer the question: are there any political reasons for religious nationalism? Considering the phenomenon of nationalism in the framework of the constructivist approach, the author also employs the methods of comparative analysis, using material from such countries as Ireland, Poland, Greece, the countries of the former Yugoslavia, as well as the Russian case taking place in the Chechen Republic. Summarizing these cases, the author describes the conditions for the emergence of an “alliance” of religion and nationalism. Firstly, it is a religious difference between neighboring communities. Secondly, it is a conflict between them, which contains a threat to identity. In these cases, religion becomes an important marker that distinguishes communities from each other, and begins to perform non-religious functions: the affirmation of national identity, ethnic pride, national honor, protection of sovereignty, and culture. Religious nationalism always stimulates growth of religious commitment of a nation, in which the number of believers may reach 90 percent. But this commitment is not individual, it is not based on a personal choice of faith, but collective and obligatory. Religious affiliation is dictated by loyalty to the nation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью статьи является исследование феномена религиозного национализма, то есть случаев, когда религия и национализм оказываются тесно связаны и подкрепляют друг друга, а религиозная идентичность становится важной и неотъемлемой частью национальной принадлежности. Автор ставит целью проанализировать политический контекст наиболее показательных случаев религиозного национализма в европейских странах, выделить их существенные черты и условия возникновения, а также ответить на вопрос о наличии политических причин. Рассматривая феномен национализма в рамках конструктивистского подхода, автор использует также методы сравнительного анализа, опираясь на материал таких стран, как Ирландия, Польша, Греция, страны бывшей Югославии, а также на российский случай, имеющий место в Чеченской Республике. Обобщая эти случаи, автор описывает условия возникновения «союза» религии и национализма. Во-первых, это наличие религиозных различий между соседними сообществами. Во-вторых, это конфликт между ними, который содержит угрозу идентичности одной из сторон. В этих случаях религия становится важным маркером, отличающим сообщества друг от друга, и начинает выполнять нерелигиозные функции: утверждение национальной самобытности, этнической гордости, национальной чести, защиты суверенитета и культуры. Религиозный национализм всегда стимулирует рост религиозности народа, количество верующих в котором доходит до 90%. Однако эта религиозность не индивидуальная, она основывается не на персональном выборе веры, но коллективная и обязательная, где принадлежность к религии диктуется верностью нации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nation</kwd><kwd>religion</kwd><kwd>nationalism</kwd><kwd>theory of nationalism</kwd><kwd>ethno-religious conflict</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd><kwd>religious nationalism</kwd><kwd>religiosity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нация</kwd><kwd>религия</kwd><kwd>национализм</kwd><kwd>теория национализма</kwd><kwd>этнорелигиозный конфликт</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd><kwd>религиозный национализм</kwd><kwd>религиозность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kinnvall C. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India. The search for ontological security. New York; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinnvall C. 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