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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22625</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-4-661-672</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL PROCESSES IN ETHIOPIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ЭФИОПИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Pitfalls of Ethnolinguistic-Based Federal Experiment in Ethiopia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Подводные камни этнолингвистического федерального эксперимента в Эфиопии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gardachew</surname><given-names>Bewuketu Dires</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гардашью</surname><given-names>Бевукету Дирес</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><span class="s121">Lecturer and Researcher of the Department of Political Science and International Studies, Bahir Dar University </span></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><span class="s121">преподаватель и исследователь департамента политологии и международных исследований университета Бахр-Дар </span></p></bio><email>bewuket23@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kefale</surname><given-names>Gebeyehu Mengesha</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кефале</surname><given-names>Гебеэху Менгеша</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><span class="s121">Lecturer and Researcher of the Department of Social Anthropology, Bahir Dar University<br/></span></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><span class="s121">преподаватель и исследователь департамента социальной антропологии университета Бахр-Дар </span></p></bio><email>bduinfo@bdu.edu.et</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumie</surname><given-names>Getahun Antigegn</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумие</surname><given-names>Гетахун Антигегн</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p><span class="s121">Lecturer and Researcher of the Department of Political Science and International Studies, Bahir Dar University </span></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><span class="s121">преподаватель и исследователь департамента политологии и международных исследований университета Бахр-Дар </span></p></bio><email>getkumie@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bahir Dar University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Бахр-Дар</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 21, NO4 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 21, №4 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>661</fpage><lpage>672</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Gardachew B.D., Kefale G.M., Kumie G.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Гардашью Б.Д., Кефале Г.М., Кумие Г.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gardachew B.D., Kefale G.M., Kumie G.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гардашью Б.Д., Кефале Г.М., Кумие Г.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/22625">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/22625</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 1991, when Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) became a leading party within the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), Ethiopia introduced a system of ethnic-based federalism, which had never been practiced in the political history of the state before. The recognition of Ethiopian ethnic diversity became one of the country’s fundamental principles, with the federal system largely consisting of ethnic-based territorial units. Since its inception, Ethiopia's ethnic federalism has been the subject of heated debate among various political organizations in the country, as well as among observers and scholars both in and outside the country. The key objective of this paper is to appraise the pitfalls of ethnic-based federalism in Ethiopia, which has been functioning in the country for more than two and half decades. The authors believe ethnic-based federalism to be a political arrangement that succeeds to maintain balance of centrifugal and centripetal forces. They see it as an appropriate and viable strategy for a sustainable nation-building effort in the context of Ethiopia’s ethnic diversity. At the same time, the authors observe that in the case with ethnicity-based political arrangements, unless they are implemented with maximum care, the risk outweighs the benefit. When a state like Ethiopia, which had been highly centralized for many years, is trying to experiment with a seemingly federal arrangement, the equilibrium of diversity and unity should be maintained. If the political environment focuses primarily on diversity and ignores shared values and common identity, it leaves room for the elites to manipulate the differences and pursue their own parochial political interests, which would eventually serve against the public benefit. The pioneers of Ethiopia’s ethnic federalism believe that the contemporary ethnolinguistic-based federal arrangement is a panacea for problems related to identity politics. However, the authors argue that, from a practical perspective, for the past two and half decades (probably in the future too, unless re-designed) ethnic federalism in Ethiopia has been highly politicized (manipulated by political dealers promoting their own selfish interests).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 1991 г., когда Народный фронт освобождения Тыграй (НФОТ) стал ведущей партией в составе Революционно-демократического фронта эфиопских народов (РДФЭН), Эфиопия ввела систему этнического федерализма, которая никогда ранее не практиковалась в политической истории государства. Признание этнического многообразия Эфиопии стало одним из основополагающих принципов для страны, поскольку федеративная система в значительной степени состоит из этнических территориальных единиц. С момента своего создания этнический федерализм Эфиопии был предметом горячих дебатов среди различных политических организаций, наблюдателей и ученых как внутри страны, так и за ее пределами. Основная цель статьи - оценить «подводные камни» модели этнического федерализма в Эфиопии, которая действует уже более двух с половиной десятилетий. Авторы полагают, что этнический федерализм является политическим устройством, которое успешно поддерживает баланс центробежных и центростремительных сил в стране. Они рассматривают его как надлежащую и жизнеспособную стратегию для устойчивого национального строительства в контексте этнического разнообразия Эфиопии. В то же время авторы отмечают, что в случае, если политические договоренности на этнической основе не осуществляются с максимальной осторожностью, сопряженный с ними риск перевешивает выгоду. Если такое государство, как Эфиопия, которое в течение многих лет было сильно централизовано, пытается экспериментировать с федеративным устройством, то в стране должно поддерживаться равновесие разнообразия и единства. Если политическая среда фокусируется главным образом на разнообразии и игнорирует общие ценности и общую идентичность, она оставляет возможности для того, чтобы элиты манипулировали этническими различиями и преследовали свои собственные партикулярные политические интересы, что в итоге будет работать против общества. Основатели эфиопского этнического федерализма считают, что современное этнолингвистическое федеративное устройство является панацеей от проблем, связанных с политикой идентичности. Однако авторы статьи утверждают, что с практической точки зрения в течение последних двух с половиной десятилетий (вероятно, это продолжится и в будущем) этнический федерализм в Эфиопии был слишком политизирован силами, продвигающими собственные интересы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethnic federalism</kwd><kwd>pseudo-federalism</kwd><kwd>TPLF/EPRDF</kwd><kwd>politicization of ethnicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этнический федерализм</kwd><kwd>псевдофедерализм</kwd><kwd>РДФЭН</kwd><kwd>политизация этничности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Pankhurst R. Economic History of Ethiopia, 1800-1935. Addis Ababa: Haile Sellassie I University Press; 1968. 772 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Teshale T. The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. 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