<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22057</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-3-450-459</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICAL PROCESSES IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Geopolitical Situation in Northeast Asia: Development of Sino-Russian Relations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геополитическая ситуация в Северо-Восточной Азии: развитие китайско-российских отношений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zreik</surname><given-names>Mohamad</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зрейк</surname><given-names>Мохамад</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, School of Politics and International Studies (SPIS)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант школы политики и международных отношений</p></bio><email>mohamadzreik@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central China Normal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Классический университет Центрального Китая</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 21, NO3 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 21, №3 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>450</fpage><lpage>459</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-11-11"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Zreik M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Зрейк М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zreik M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зрейк М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/22057">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/22057</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and characteristics of Sino-Russian relations since 1640 where diplomatic and commercial relations were established in the far east of Siberia. A historic background will be given, in order to highlight the real reasons behind this good relation that is turning into an alliance. The paper will shed the light on important events and dates that occurred in this relation, such as the year 1858, which had disputes on the border. The author shows that the relations between China and Russia have been faced with twists and turns since its beginnings because of geographical, cultural, historical and political interdependence. This paper analyses the relationship between Russia and China in the light of international political changes as the world enters a new stage of international order, especially after the decline of US influence and China's announcement of its One Belt One Road initiative (OBOR) and its political, cultural and economic openness to the world.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью данной статьи является исследование процессов и особенностей китайско-российских отношений начиная с 1640 г. - даты, когда были установлены дипломатические и торговые отношения между странами. Автор проводит историко-ретроспективный анализ для того, чтобы выявить причины, стоящие за современными стратегическими отношениями двух стран, которые имеют потенциал превратиться в геополитический и геоэкономический союз. В статье рассматриваются отдельные важные исторические события, характеризовавшие исторические отношения двух стран, например, пограничный спор 1858 г. Автор показывает, что отношения между Китаем и Россией с самого начала взаимодействия двух стран развивались в силу географической, культурной, исторической и политической взаимозависимости. В статье анализируются отношения России и Китая в свете международных политических трансформаций, актуализирующихся по мере того, как мир вступает в новый этап формирующегося международного порядка. По мнению автора, трансформации мирового порядка особенно ускоряются в результате снижения международного влияния США и реализации Китаем инициативы «Один пояс - один путь» (OBOR) в рамках его политики политической, культурной и экономической открытости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Northeast Asia</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>New World Order</kwd><kwd>Communism</kwd><kwd>Belt and Road Initiative</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Северо-Восточная Азия</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Новый Мировой Порядок</kwd><kwd>коммунизм</kwd><kwd>инициатива «Один пояс - один путь»</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><award-id></award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Young E. The Presidency of Yuan Shih-K'ai. University of Michigan Press; 1977: 182—183.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Alles E., Cherif-Chebbi L., Halfon C.H. Chinese Islam: Unity and Fragmentation. Religion, State &amp; Society. 2003; Vol. 31 (1): 7—35. DOI: 10.1080/0963749032000045837.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Nyíri P., Breidenbach J. ed. China Inside Out: Contemporary Chinese Nationalism and Transnationalism. Central European University Press; 2005. 369 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Current Intelligence Staff Study, the New Stage of the Sino-Soviet Dispute (October 1961 — January 1962) (Reference Title: ESAU XVII-62). 26 February 1962 OCI No. 0361/62 Copy No. 133. Approved for Release Date: May 2007. 91 p. Central Intelligence Agency library (CIA). Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/esau-16.pdf. Accessed: 01.10.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Lenman B.P., Anderson T. Chambers Dictionary of World History. Editors, Chambers: Edinburgh; 2000. 950 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>McDonnell P.J., Hennigan W.J., Bulos N. Russia Launches Airstrikes in Syria amid U.S. Concern about Targets. Los Angeles Times. 30.09.2015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Army Base Guide List, United States. Available from: https://www.military.com/base-guide/browse-by-service/army. Accessed: 01.10.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Crawford J., Sciutto J., Schwarz T. U.S. Protests after Chinese Military Jet Lands on South China Sea Island. CNN — CNNPolitics.com. 19.04.2016. Available from: https://.edition.cnn.com/ 2016/04/18/politics/chinese-military-jet-lands-on-island. Accessed: 01.10.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Morello C., Constable P., Faiola A. Crimeans Vote in Referendum on whether to Break away from Ukraine, Join Russia. The Washington Post. 14.03.2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>In Eastern Ukraine, a One-Building, Pro-Russia Realm Persists Despite Criticism. The New York Times. 09.04.2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Interview with Zbigniew Brzezinski on Russia and Ukraine. Spiegel online. 02.06.2017. Available from: https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-zbigniew-brzezinski-on-russia-and-ukraine-a-1041795.html. Accessed: 01.10.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Putin Signs Laws on Reunification of Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol with Russia. ITAR TASS. 21.03.2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>IMF report for China. International Monetary Fund. October 2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>World Economic Outlook. International Monetary Fund. 2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Seokwoo L. Territorial Disputes Among Japan, China and Taiwan Concerning the Senkaku Islands. Boundary and Territory Briefing. 2002; Vol. 3; 7: 10—13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>How much Trade Transits the South China Sea? China Power. 04.08.2017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>McDowell R. A Look at the Top Issues at Asian Security Meeting. Associated Press. 21.07.2011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Savic B. Behind China and Russia's ‘Special Relationship’. The Diplomat. 07.12. 2016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Russian Government Plans to Boost Bilateral Trade with China to $200Bln by 2024. Sputnik. 27.09.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Wu D. China and Russia Sign Military Cooperation Roadmap. The Diplomat. 30.06.2017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Sung Y. The Open-door Policy. The China-Hong Kong Connection: The Key to China's Open Door Policy (Trade and Development). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991: 5—14. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511552298.003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Sino-Russian Alignment in Reality: The Case of Central Asia. Global Risk Insights. 06.03.2019.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Gleason G. Currency Wars along the Silk Road. The Diplomat. 27.07.2017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Russia Agrees to Significant Silk Road Projects with China. Russia Briefing. 19.07.2017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Rosenfeld E. Russia and China Are Looking at Launching Joint Projects Worth more than $100 Billion. CNBC World Economy. 11.09.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Chinese-Russian Joint Investments Beneficial: Russian Fund. Interview with Kirill D. Xinhua. 02.05.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>China Becomes Russia's Top Trade Partner. Xinhua. 26.09.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Alibaba Ties with Russian Partners for an E-commerce Platform. CNBC. 11.09.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Alibaba, Russian Tech Firm Mail.ru Agree Joint E-commerce Venture. France24. 11.09.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Wang Yi. Introduces the Consensuses Reached at China—Mongolia Foreign Ministers' Meeting. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 24.08.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Demyanchuk A. Russia &amp; China Preparing to Ditch Dollar for National Currencies in Trade. RT. 18.10.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Guangcheng X. Sino-Russian Ties Backbone of SCO. China Daily. 06.06.2018.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
