<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20973</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-1-43-55</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE KURDISH QUESTION IN WORLD POLITICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУРДСКИЙ ВОПРОС В МИРОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">DIPLOMACY OF THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ IN THE AGE OF TERRORISM</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ДИПЛОМАТИЯ ИРАКСКОГО КУРДИСТАНА В ПЕРИОД ТЕРРОРИЗМА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dalsooz</surname><given-names>Jalal Hussein</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Далсуз</surname><given-names>Джалал Хуссейн</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">PhD Student of the Department of History and Theory of International Relations, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">аспирант кафедры истории и теории международных отношений Национального исследовательского Нижегородского государственного университета имени Н.И. Лобачевского</bio><email>dlsoz84@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет имени Н.И. Лобачевского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 21, NO1 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 21, №1 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Dalsooz J.H.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Далсуз Д.Х.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dalsooz J.H.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Далсуз Д.Х.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/20973">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/20973</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">In this paper, we empirically study the effects of terrorism on the para-diplomacy of Kurdistan Region of Iraq during the last two decades. The research paper analyses the form of diplomacy, in the current age, has covered new style, in particular, when the new actors (non-state actors) are playing significant roles. In this regard, the Kurdistan region government as non-state actor has successfully used terrorism as a great instrument to attract the attention of the world community and created broad its paradiplomatic relations with actors around the world. In turn, we find suggestive evidence that the Kurdistan Region Government should further enhance the ability of its foundations to sustain its relations with world community. Our findings are consistent with the idea that the threat of terrorism is never going to be end, thereby it is not easy for the state-actors to keep their eyes away from the role of any world actors (including non-state actors).</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В данной работе изучается влияние терроризма на парадипломатию Иракского Курдистана в течение последних двух десятилетий. Автором анализируются современные формы дипломатии, включающие значительную роль негосударственных субъектов. В связи с этим правительство Иракского Курдистана в качестве негосударственного субъекта успешно использовало угрозу терроризма в качестве важного инструмента привлечения внимания мирового сообщества и установило широкие парадипломатические отношения с политическими акторами во всем мире. В свою очередь, мы находим убедительные доказательства того, что правительство Курдистанского региона должно и далее укреплять свою способность поддерживать отношения с мировым сообществом. Данные выводы автора согласуются с идеей о том, что угроза терроризма никогда не исчезнет, и поэтому государствам становится сложнее игнорировать фактическую и потенциальную роль негосударственных субъектов.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Kurdistan Regional Government</kwd><kwd>Terrorism</kwd><kwd>Diplomacy</kwd><kwd>Para-Diplomacy</kwd><kwd>Ansar Al-Islam</kwd><kwd>Peshmerga</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Региональное правительство Курдистана</kwd><kwd>терроризм</kwd><kwd>дипломатия</kwd><kwd>парадипломатия</kwd><kwd>Ансар аль-Ислам</kwd><kwd>Пешмерга</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Salhy S. Our priority is to arm the Peshmerga. Aljazeera. 28.10.2014. Available from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/10/priority-arm-peshmerga-2014102776 4994436.html. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Department of Foreign Relations - Kurdistan Regional Government. The Kurdistan Regional Government Department of Foreign Relations. 8.11.2018. Available from: http://dfr.gov.krd/p/ p.aspx?p=25&amp;l=12&amp;s=010000&amp;r=332. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Gregory K. Ansar al-Islam (Iraq, Islamists/Kurdish Separatists), Ansar al-Sunnah. Council of Foreign Relations. 05.11.2008. Available from: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/ansar-al-islamiraq-islamistskurdish-separatists-ansar-al-sunnah. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Hawrami, Hemin. Dynamics in Iraqi Kurdistan. Middle East Institute: Providing non-partisan, expert information and analysis on Middle East. 08.07.2015. Available from http://www.mei.edu/ events/dynamics-iraqi-kurdistan. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Human Rights Watch. Ansar al. Aslam in Iraqi Kurdistan. September, 2002. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/mena/ansarbk020503.htm. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Human Rights Watch. Ansar al-Islam in Iraqi Kurdistan. 05.02.2003. Available from: http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/mena/ansarbk020503.htm. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Iraqi Death from Violence 2003-2011. Iraq Body Count. 02.01.2012. Available from: https://www.iraqbodycount.org/analysis/numbers/2011/. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Kurdpress: US Provides Peshmerga with Money for 2018 and 2019: Official. Kurdpress. 01.08.2018. Available from: http://www.kurdpress.com/en/details.aspx?id=11403. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Lister T., Sanchez R., Bixler M., O'Key S., Hogenmiller M., Tawfeeq M. ISIS Goes Global: Attacks in 29 Countries have Killed 2,043. CNN. 12.02.2018. Available from: https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/17/world/mapping-isis-attacks-around-the-world/index.html. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Mohammed H.Kh., Owtram F. Paradiplomacy of Regional Governments in International Relations: The Foreign Relations of the Kurdistan Regional Government (2003-2010). Iran and the Caucasus. 2014; 18: 65-84. Available from: http://www.soran.edu.iq/images/fol/staff/Hersh-Khalil/Herish-Kh-Mohammed-Research.pdf. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>KRG President Thanks Iran for Helping Kurds in Fights against ISIL. Press TV. 26.08.2014. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GgwypNRmRqQ. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Roberts D., Ackerman S. US Begins Air Strikes against Isis Targets in Iraq, Pentagon Says. The Guardian. 08.08.2014. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/08/usbegins-air-strikes-iraq-isis. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Rubin M. Ansar al-Sunna: Iraq's New Terrorist Threat. Middle East Intelligence Bulletin, 2004: 17-22. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Russia to Support Peshmerga in the Battle for Mosul. Rudaw. 15.07.2016. Available from: http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/150720164. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Schanzer J. Ansar al-Islam: Back in Iraq. Middle East Quarterly. 2004; 11; 1: 1-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Selth A. Against Every Human Law: The terrorist Threat to Diplomacy [dissertation]. The Australian National University; 1985.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor F.X. The Global War Against Terror: The Challenge of Diplomacy. U.S. Department of State, 21.11.2002. Available from: https://2001-2009.state.gov/m/ds/rls/rm/19650.htm. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Virupakshiah H.M. Terrorism Challenge Diplomacy. New Delhi; 2009. Available from: https://books.google.iq/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=EktKAZkHRSoC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA13&amp;dq= terrorism+and+diplomacy&amp;ots=6nZVpdHEkd&amp;sig=FwYfe_BDpBzbCeMThhKox6tK63c&amp; redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=terrorism%20and%20diplomacy&amp;f=false. Accessed: 01.11.2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>World Bank Group. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Assessing the Economic and Social Impact of the Syrian Conflict and ISIS. 12.02.2015. 94032.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
