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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Political Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1438</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1446</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15716</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1438-2017-19-1-15-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Muslim Society between Fundamentalism and Liberalism: the Problem of Civil Society</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мусульманское общество между фундаментализмом и либерализмом: проблема гражданского общества</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochta</surname><given-names>Yu M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почта</surname><given-names>Юрий Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pochta_yum@rudn.university</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 19, NO1 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 19, №1 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Почта Ю.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Почта Ю.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/15716">https://journals.rudn.ru/political-science/article/view/15716</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The author examines the issue of civil society in the Muslim world in general and in Russia in particular. It received a special significance after the Cold War, when liberal democracy and the concept of civil society were proclaimed as universal models, able to explain features of the modernization process. Research and practical realization of this process in non-Western societies is strongly influenced by the identification of the institution of civil society with the Western post-Christian civilization, with liberal political culture. However, historical experience shows that civil society cannot be transferred from a different social environment, it must grow on its own culture. This totalizing universalistic thinking and the functionalist-evolutionist modernization approaches are not conducive to finding an answer to the question of the existence of civil society in non-Western societies. It needs a civilizational approach, a historical analysis of cultural contexts of occurring processes of modernization, establishing a market economy, democratic political regimes and civil society. The contemporary postmodern discourse supposes civilizational multiplicity of political modernity and political modernization process. The key in these circumstances is a question about the peculiarities of the coexistence in the modern world societies at different stages of social development. In particular, it is necessary to take into account the possible coexistence of several pre secular cultures (Islamic, Confucian) and liberal democracy as post secular phenomenon.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Данная статья была впервые опубликована в 2011 г. в коллективной монографии, подготовленной участниками международной конференции “Religions in the Public Spheres” (June 24-26, 2010, Institute of Philosophy, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland): Yuriy M. Pochta. Muslim Society between Fundamentalism and Liberalism: the Problem of Civil Society // Religions in the Public Spheres / Tadeusz Buksinski (éd.). (Dia-Logos. Studies in Philosophy and Social Sciences. Bd./Vol. l4). Frankfurt am Main: Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2011. P. 367-379. В статье рассматривается проблема формирования институтов гражданского общества в мусульманском мире в целом и в России как части мусульманского мира в частности. Эта проблема приобрела большое значение после завершения холодной войны, когда в условиях глобального доминирования либеральной демократии концепция гражданского общества была объявлена универсальной, способной обеспечить процесс модернизации. Автор исходит из того, что как практическая реализация, так и изучение процесса формирования гражданского общества в незападных обществах находятся под сильным влиянием отождествления институтов гражданского общества с западной постхристианской цивилизацией, с либеральной политической культурой. Однако исторический опыт показывает, что гражданское общество невозможно заимствовать из иного социального окружения. Оно может органично вырасти только на основе своей культуры. Автор делает вывод о том, что универсализация западного опыта и функционалистско-эволюционистские подходы к модернизации незападных обществ не способствуют анализу процесса формирования институтов гражданского общества. Для этого необходимы цивилизационный подход, исторический анализ культурных контекстов процессов модернизации, в том числе создания рыночной экономики, демократических политических режимов и гражданского общества. Современный постмодернистский дискурс дает возможность предположить цивилизационный плюрализм процессов политической модернизации. Ключевым в этих условиях является вопрос о специфике сосуществования обществ, находящихся на различных этапах социального развития. В частности, необходимо принимать во внимание возможное сосуществование ряда досекулярных культур (исламских и конфуцианских) с либеральной демократией как постсекулярным феноменом.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>civil society</kwd><kwd>civilization</kwd><kwd>democracy</kwd><kwd>liberalism</kwd><kwd>modernization</kwd><kwd>post secular society</kwd><kwd>Muslim society</kwd><kwd>fundamentalism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гражданское общество</kwd><kwd>цивилизация</kwd><kwd>демократия</kwd><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>модернизация</kwd><kwd>постсекулярное общество</kwd><kwd>мусульманское общество</kwd><kwd>фундаментализм</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Archbishop - UK law needs to find accommodation with religious law codes. 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