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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47746</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2025-29-4-1238-1245</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JTHJHC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ ФИЛОСОФИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Theistic Theodicy of the Indian Philosopher Udayana (10th Century)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Теистическая теодицея индийского философа Удаяны (X в.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-4646</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5169-1014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anikeeva</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аникеева</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, Professor at the Department of History of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры истории философии, факультет гуманитарных и социальных наук</p></bio><email>anikeeva_en@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">IN SEARCH OF A STRATEGY FOR TEACHING PHILOSOPHY:  RUSSIAN AND WORLD EXPERIENCE</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">В ПОИСКАХ СТРАТЕГИИ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ФИЛОСОФИИ:  РОССИЙСКИЙ И МИРОВОЙ ОПЫТ</issue-title><fpage>1238</fpage><lpage>1245</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Anikeeva E.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Аникеева Е.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anikeeva E.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аникеева Е.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/47746">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/47746</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Udayana, a prominent 10th-century Indian philosopher, belonged to the īśvara-vāda tradition, a theistic school of Indian thought centered on Īśvara , a personal Divine Absolute. This paper examines the significance of Udayana’s discourse on theodicy, particularly in light of contemporary debates, such as J. Sterba’s critique of theistic responses to the problem of evil: How can the existence of God be reconciled with the existence of evil? Udayana, in line with other Indian (and ancient) philosophers, posits that Īśvara coexists with primordial and eternal matter - atoms - whose combinations constitute the cycle of karma-samsāra , the realm where evil originates. While this cosmological compatibility of God with the source of evil might appear to render Indian theism more vulnerable to criticism than monotheism, Udayana argues that the all-powerful and all-perfect Īśvara constructs the world solely out of benevolence and is not responsible for evil, which stems from human karmic actions. According to Udayana, God is ontologically and morally irreconcilable with evil. Although Īśvara does not create primordial matter, He controls and directs all karmic processes ( adṛṣṭa - the unseen force of karma) with their inherent good and bad deeds, ultimately alleviating human suffering from evil at the end of each cosmic cycle. As a keen medieval polemicist, Udayana demonstrates a remarkable capacity to address contemporary challenges to theism.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Удаяна, выдающийся индийский философ Х в. относится к направлению ишвара-вады, или индийского теистического учения об Ишваре - личном Божестве. Исследование подчеркивает значение дискурса Удаяны, особенно в контексте современных дискуссий о теодицее (полемика Дж. Штербы с теистами): почему Бог попускает зло? действительно ли существование Бога несовместимо с существованием зла? Удаяна, как и другие индийские (а также античные) философы признает, что Ишвара сосуществует с первичной и вечной материей - атомами, комбинации которых составляют круговорот кармы-сансары, сферу, где зарождается зло. Хотя эта космологическая совместимость Бога с источником зла может показаться более уязвимой для критики, чем монотеизм, Удаяна утверждает, что всемогущий и всесовершенный Ишвара со всеми его совершенствами производит мир исключительно в силу своей благости и не ответственен за зло, так как все злые кармические деяния исходят от людей. Бог, согласно Удаяне, онтологически и морально не совместим со злом. И хотя Ишвара не творит (из ничего) первичную материю (атомы), Он тем не менее полностью контролирует и направляет кармический процесс ( адришту - невидимую силу кармы) со всеми его благими и дурными деяниями, а в конце каждого космического периода прекращает страдания людей, причиненные злом. Удаяна, как яркий средневековый полемист, имеет прекрасные потенциальные возможности, чтобы ответить современным вызовам в сторону теистов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>theism</kwd><kwd>Indian philosophy</kwd><kwd>Indian theism</kwd><kwd>īśvara-vāda</kwd><kwd>argument from evil</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теизм</kwd><kwd>индийская философия</kwd><kwd>индийский теизм</kwd><kwd>ишвара-вада</kwd><kwd>аргумент от зла</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">The research was supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Исследование выполнено при поддержке RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Anikeeva EN. 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