<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46206</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2025-29-3-914-930</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EKPRTW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONTOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНТОЛОГИЯ И ТЕОРИЯ ПОЗНАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Forms of Teleology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Формы телеологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-2232</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5266-3703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamchenkov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамченков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department of Ontology and Epistemology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры онтологии и теории познания, факультет гуманитарных и социальных наук</p></bio><email>mamchenkov_dv@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1852-0407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naidysh</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найдыш</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">DSc in Philosophy, Full Professor of the Department of Ontology and Theory of Knowledge, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">доктор философских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры онтологии и теории познания, факультет гуманитарных и социальных наук</bio><email>v.naidysh@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">PHILOSOPHY IN LATIN AMERICA</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЛОСОФИЯ В ЛАТИНСКОЙ АМЕРИКЕ</issue-title><fpage>914</fpage><lpage>930</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Mamchenkov D.V., Naidysh V.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Мамченков Д.В., Найдыш В.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamchenkov D.V., Naidysh V.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамченков Д.В., Найдыш В.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/46206">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/46206</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The research addresses a relevant and controversial topic - teleology. Final causality is the keystone without which the construction and consolidation of the paradigm of global evolutionism in the modern scientific community is unthinkable. To make it possible for teleology to return to scientific use, it is necessary to classify its forms and determine which of them conflict with modern scientific thinking. In relation to whether there is a goal inside the defined or outside, there is an internal (immanent) and an external (transcendental) teleology. According to existence of goal only inside of consciousness or outside of it, intentional and non-intentional teleology are divided. Depending on whether the target cause acts in a natural or supernatural way, materialistic and theological teleology are divided. The final cause can replace the efficient one - “miraculous” teleology - or act together with it - complex teleology. Kant separates the constitutive and regulatory application of the target cause. The final result can be predetermined in advance - finalism, or formed in the process - free teleology. The goal can be either in object - object-centric teleology, or in process - swarm teleology. Since the middle of the 20th century, teleological euphemisms - ersatz teleologies: negative feedback, teleonomy, autopoesis, teleosemantics, teleonaturalism have become popular, claiming to replace the concept to solve the very problem of final causality. It is concluded that the external, theological, finalist, “miraculous”, object-centric, and intentional forms are not acceptable in modern scientific rationality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Данное исследование обращается к востребованной и неоднозначной теме - телеологии. Конечная причинность является тем замковым камнем, без которого сооружение и закрепление в современном научном сообществе парадигмы глобального эволюционизма немыслимо. Чтобы сделать возможным возращение телеологии в научный обиход, нужно провести классификацию ее форм и определить, какие из них вступают в конфликт с современным научным мышлением. Формы телеологии разделяются, в первую очередь, по отношению к тому, существует ли цель внутри определяемого или вовне, на внутреннюю (имманентную) и внешнюю (трансцендентную) телеологию. Далее, по существованию цели только в сознании или вне его, разделяются интенциональная и неинтенциональная телеология. В зависимости от того, действует ли целевая причина естественным или сверхъестественным путем, разделяется материалистическая и теологическая телеология. Также конечная причина может подменять действующую - « чудесная » телеология, либо действовать вместе с ней - комплексная телеология. Кант разделяет конститутивное и регулятивное применение целевой причины. Кроме того, конечный результат может быть заранее предопределен - финализм , либо формироваться в процессе - свободная телеология. В то же время цель может быть либо у предмета - предметоцентрическая телеология, либо у процесса - роевая телеология. Важно упомянуть, что с середины 20 века становятся популярны телеологические эвфемизмы - эрзац-телеологии : отрицательная обратная связь , телеономия, аутопоэзис, телеосемантика, телеонатурализм ; претендующие заменой концепта решить саму проблему конечной причинности. В качестве заключения исследования делается вывод о том, что внешняя, теологическая, финалистская, «чудесная», предметоцентрическая и интенциональная формы не продуктивны для современной научной рациональности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>target causality</kwd><kwd>final cause</kwd><kwd>teleonomy</kwd><kwd>internal teleology</kwd><kwd>external teleology</kwd><kwd>finalism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>целевая причинность</kwd><kwd>конечная причина</kwd><kwd>телеономия</kwd><kwd>внутренняя телеология</kwd><kwd>внешняя телеология</kwd><kwd>финализм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках инициативной НИР № 100414-0-000 «Культура, наука и технологии: вызовы современности».</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The research was carried out within the framework of the initiative research project № 100414-0-000 “Culture, science and technology: challenges of our time”.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamchur EА. Spontaneity and teleologism. In: Kazyutinsky VV, Mamchur EA, Sachkov YuV, Sevalnikov AYu et al, editors. Spontaneity and determinism. Moscow: Nauka pibl.; 2006. P. 225-248. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мамчур Е.А. Спонтанность и телеологизм // Спонтанность и детерминизм / под ред. В.В. Казютинского, Е.А. Мамчур, Ю.В. Сачкова, А.Ю. Севальникова и др. М. : Наука, 2006. С. 225-248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Dennett Daniel C. Clever Evolution. Metascience. 2019;(28):355-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-019-00450-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Griffiths Devin. Keywords for Victorian Literature and Culture. Victorian Literature and Culture. 2018;46(3-4):905-909. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1060150318001158</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ayala Francisco J. Adaptation and novelty: teleological explanations in evolutionary biology. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences. 1999;21(1):3-33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrov AV. Sacred, secular and vital teleology: the experience of typologization. Bulletin of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian Studies. 2022;1(34):47-54. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2022-34-47-54 EDN: EKBFRV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров А.В. Сакральная, секулярная и витальная телеология: опыт типологизации. Вестник Омского государственного педагогического университета. Гуманитарные исследования. 2022. № 1 (34). С. 47-54. https://doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2022-34-47-54 EDN: EKBFRV</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Flannery Michael A. Strong and Weak Teleology in the Life Sciences Post-Darwin. Religions. 2020;11(6):298. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11060298 EDN: KIPPBY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kant I. Kritik der Urteilskraft. Essays. In 8 volumes. Vol. 5. Moscow: Choro publ.; 1994. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кант И. Критика способности суждения. Сочинения: в 8 томах. Т. 5. М. : Чоро, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plato. Timaeus. In: Losev AF, Asmus VF, Takho-Godi AA, editors. Collected works in 4 volumes. Vol. 3. Moscow: Mysl’ publ.; 1994. P. 421-500. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Платон. Тимей // Собрание сочинений в 4 томах. Т. 3 / под ред. А.Ф. Лосева, В.Ф. Асмуса, А.А. Тахо-Годи; пер. с древнегреч. С.С. Аверинцева. М. : Мысль, 1994. С. 421-500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Sedley D. Teleology, Aristotelian and Platonic. In: Lennox JG, Bolton R, editors. Being Nature and Life in Aristotle: Essays in Honor of Allan Gotthelf. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010. P. 5-29. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511919275.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evlampiev II, Kupriyanov VA. Teleology in classical and non-classical philosophy. Saint Petersburg: RHGA publ.; 2019. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евлампиев И.И., Куприянов В.А. Телеология в классической и неклассической философии. СПб. : РХГА, 2019. EDN: ZCWRUL</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Gilson SP. From Aristotle to Darwin and Back Again. Trans. John Lyon. Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers. 1987;4(2):10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Owen G. Review Essay: Allan Gotthelf’s Teleology, First Principles, and Scientific Method in Aristotle’s Biology and James G. Lennox and Robert Bolton’s (ed.) Being, Nature, and Life in Aristotle. Reason Papers. 2013;35(1):149-157.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Vuokko J. The Muddling Concept of Teleology. Biocosmology - Neo-aristotelism. 2014;4(1-2):60-77.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Wright GH. Explanation and Understanding. In: Logical and philosophical research. Selected works. Moscow: Progress publ.; 1986. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">фон Вригт Г.Х. Объяснение и понимание // Логико-философские исследования. Избранные труды. М. : Прогресс, 1986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Hartmann N. Teleologisches Denken. Berlin: de Gruyter; 1951.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Woodfield AR. Teleology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1976.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Mix LJ. The End of Final Causes in Biology. London: Palgrave Macmillan, Springer International Publishing; 2022.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Gilson É. From Aristotle to Darwin and back again: a journey in final causality, species, and evolution. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press; 1984.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Scholz M. External Teleology and Functionalism: Hegel, Life Science and the Organism - Environment Relation. Hegel Bulletin. 2020;41(3):371-388. https://doi.org/10.1017/hgl.2020.19</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Nagel E. Teleological Explanation and Teleological Systems. In: Ratner S, editor. Vision and Action: Essays in Honour of Horace M. Kallen on His 70th Birthday. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press; 1953. P. 537-558.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Hempel CG. The Logic of Functional Analysis. In: Aspects of Scientific Explanation and other Essays in the Philosophy of Science. New York: Free Press; 1965. P. 297-330.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Allen C, Neal J. Teleological Notions in Biology. In: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/teleology-biology/ (accessed:10.06.2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Mossio M, Bich L. What Makes Biological Organisms Teleological? Synthese. 2017;194(4):1089-1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-014-0594-z EDN: NBDXXT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Szkutnik DA, Kupczak R. Selected Issues of Teleological and Holistic Perspective of Morphogenetic and Behavioral Phenomena of Living Beings. Biocosmology - Neo-Aristotelism. 2014;4(4):391-404.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lokhov SA, Mamchenkov DV. Creationism - a Pseudoscience or Pseudoreligion. RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2024;28(1):148-167. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2024-28-1-148-167 EDN: AGFZJL</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лохов С.А., Мамченков Д.В. Креационизм - псевдонаука или псевдорелигия // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Философия. 2024. Т. 28. № 1. С. 148-167. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2024-28-1-148-167 EDN: AGFZJL</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov MG. The category of “purpose”" in pre-Marxist philosophy. Leningrad: Nauka publ.; 1974. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров М.Г. Категория «цель» в домарксистской философии. Ленинград : Наука, 1974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov MG. The category of “purpose” in Marxist philosophy and criticism of Teleology. Leningrad: Nauka publ.; 1977. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров М.Г. Категория «цель» в марксистской философии и критика телеологии Ленинград: Наука, 1977.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolov IT. Determinism and teleology. Voprosy Filosofii. 1958;(2). Available from: http://vphil.ru/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=34&amp;ysclid=lx72mw2y7 f250923660 (accessed: 10.06.2024). (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролов И.Т. Детерминизм и телеология // Вопросы философии. 1958. № 2. Режим доступа: http://vphil.ru/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=34&amp;ysclid= lx72mw2y7f250923660 (accessed: 10.06.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazyutinsky VV, Mamchur EA, Sachkov YuV, Sevalnikov AYu et al, editors. Spontaneity and determinism. Moscow: Nauka publ.; 2006. (In Russian). EDN: QWMYCD</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спонтанность и детерминизм / под ред. В.В. Казютинского, Е.А. Мамчур, Ю.В. Сачкова, А.Ю. Севальникова и др. М. : Наука, 2006. EDN: QWMYCD</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Filieri L. Kant on the Purposiveness of the Reflecting Power of Judgment. Aisthesis. 2021;14(2):29-40. DOI: 10.36253/Aisthesis-12786 EDN: YGZKKA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pankratov AV. Teleology and the principle of irreversibility. Voprosy Filosofii. 2003;(8):73-85. (In Russian). EDN: OOAUZV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панкратов А.В. Телеология и принцип необратимости // Вопросы философии 2003. № 8. С. 73-85. EDN: OOAUZV</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamchenkov DV. Thingness and historicism. Moscow: RUDN University publ.; 2014. (In Russian). EDN: UHQXXZ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мамченков Д.В. Предметность и историзм. М. : РУДН, 2014. EDN: UHQXXZ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Pittendrigh Colin S. Adaptation, Natural Selection and Behavior. In: Roe A, Gaylord Simpson G, editors. Behavior and Evolution. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1958. P. 390-419.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Mayr E. Teleological and Teleonomic, a New Analysis. In: Cohen RS, Wartofsky MW, editors. Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 1974. P. 91-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2128-9_6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Williams GC. Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 1966.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Davis BD. Opening Address: The Teleonomic Significance of Biosynthetic Control Mechanisms. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 1961;(26):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1101/SQB.1961.026.01.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Bartlett J. Causal Capabilities of Teleology and Teleonomy in Life and Evolution. Organon F. 2023;30(3):222-254. https://doi.org/10.31577/orgf.2023.30301</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Varela FG, Maturana HR, Uribe R. Autopoiesis: the Organization of Living Systems, its Characterization and a Model. BioSystems. 1974;(5):187-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/ 0303-2647(74)90031-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Millikan RG. Biosemantics. Journal of Philosophy. 1989;(86):281-297. DOI: 10.2307/2027123</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Macdonald G, Papineau D, editors. Teleosemantics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Grassé P-P. Evolution of Living Organisms: Evidence for a New Theory of Transformation. New York: Academic Press; 1977.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
