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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37139</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2023-27-4-858-868</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QURKLA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHY OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND NEUROSCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ СОЗНАНИЯ И НЕЙРОНАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Holding and Reversing the Camera Obscura</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Удержание и переворачивание камеры-обскуры</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8022-6208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atanasova</surname><given-names>Nataliya</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атанасова</surname><given-names>Наталья</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Candidate in Philosophy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат философских наук</p></bio><email>nataliya.atanasova@protonmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sofia University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Софийский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">PHILOSOPHY OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND NEUROSCIENCE</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЛОСОФИЯ СОЗНАНИЯ И НЕЙРОНАУКИ</issue-title><fpage>858</fpage><lpage>868</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-20"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Atanasova N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Атанасова Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Atanasova N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Атанасова Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/37139">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/37139</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The following study examines the critical interplay between ideology, mediated reality, and the role that individuals’ perceptions, beliefs, and actions play in this process. In doing so, the study delves into the examination of the way power structures and dominant narratives proceed into influencing cultural expression and, consequently, impact social action. It is thus argued that in contemporary society, the Situationist notion of “the spectacle” has replaced any understanding of reality and created a reified social world dominated by commodities that reinforce dominant ideologies and determine subjective perceptions. Furthermore, the paper addresses the impact of this mediated reality on personal subjectivity and agency. Drawing on Marx’s metaphor of the “camera obscura” as ideology, it argues for a transformative “reversal of perspective” that changes how individuals view and engage with their environment. Ultimately, this study underscores the profound impact of “the spectacle” on social relations, ideology, and perception. It argues for a transformative and creative approach that challenges individuals to resist the grasp of the spectacle, reclaim their agency, and develop new perspectives for interacting with the world. The extensions of the gaze subtly refer to the basis of economy manifested as “false consciousness” reflected by the camera obscura as an inverted image but readjusted with the tools of spectacles and mirrors within the reflective apparatus.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">В предлагаемом исследовании рассматривается критическое взаимодействие между идеологией, опосредованной реальностью и ролью, которую восприятия, убеждения и действия людей играют в этом процессе. При этом исследование углубляется в изучение того, как властные структуры и доминирующие нарративы влияют на культурное самовыражение и, следовательно, на социальные действия. Таким образом, утверждается, что в современном обществе ситуационистское понятие «спектакля» заменило любое понимание реальности и создало овеществленный социальный мир, в котором доминируют товары, которые усиливают господствующие идеологии и определяют субъективное восприятие. Кроме того, рассматривается влияние этой опосредованной реальности на личную субъективность и активность. Опираясь на метафору Маркса о «камере-обскуре» как идеологии, она утверждает преобразующий «переворот перспективы», который меняет то, как люди смотрят на окружающую среду и взаимодействуют с ней. В конечном счете, это исследование подчеркивает глубокое влияние «спектакля» на социальные отношения, идеологию и восприятие, выступает за преобразующий и творческий подход, который побуждает людей сопротивляться захвату зрелища, восстанавливать свою свободу воли и развивать новые перспективы взаимодействия с миром. Расширение взгляда тонко отсылает к основе экономии, проявляющейся как «ложное сознание», отраженное камерой-обскура как перевернутое изображение, но корректируемое с помощью очков и зеркал внутри отражающего аппарата.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>situationists</kwd><kwd>the spectacle</kwd><kwd>perspective</kwd><kwd>contemplation</kwd><kwd>agency</kwd><kwd>ideology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ситуационисты</kwd><kwd>зрелище</kwd><kwd>перспектива</kwd><kwd>созерцание</kwd><kwd>агентность</kwd><kwd>идеология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mirzoeff N. How to See the World. Pelican Books; 2015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Della Porta GB. Magia Naturalis, sive de miraculis rerum naturalium. Edizione ampliata in 20 volumi. Lib. XVII. 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