<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">35002</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2023-27-2-345-360</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IRFTJH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEMS OF ONTOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОНТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ontology of Substances and Ontology of Facts: back to Comparison</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Онтология сущностей и онтология фактов: возвращаясь к сравнению</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-0256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Михаил Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>исследователь</p></bio><email>mikhailsmirnov84@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Interregional Non-Governmental Organization “Russian Society for History and Philosophy of Science”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Межрегиональная общественная организация «Русское общество истории и философии науки»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">MUSLIM PHILOSOPHY: CHALLENGES OF TIME</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">МУСУЛЬМАНСКАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ: ВЫЗОВЫ ВРЕМЕНИ</issue-title><fpage>345</fpage><lpage>360</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-21"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Smirnov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Смирнов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/35002">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/35002</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of this work is to characterize clearly the early Wittgenstein’s position in context of the contemporary discussions between the adherers of classical ontology, based on the notion of substance, and its detractors. The Aristotle’s ousiology is usually regarded as a locus classicus of substantial ontology. A noticeable tendency in the contemporary philosophy is the rejective stance towards the notion of substance and towards the vision of the reality as the ‘totality of things’ ( summa rerum ). This trend goes through the 20th century (B. Russell, etc.) and is prominent in the philosophy of the 21th century. Wittgenstein, who calls the world the totality of facts, not of things, is sustainably regarded in the secondary literature as a herald of a non-classical way of thought, presented in his ontology of facts - a radical alternative to substantial ontology. However, how can this claim cohere with the active usage of the classical substantialism terms, going back to Aristotle, in the “Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus”? In order to answer this question, it’s advisably to address, as the starting point of the analysis, the work of B. Wolniewicz comparing Wittgensteinian ontology to Aristotelian ontology and pointing out not only difference, but also parallelism between them. In the present paper, it’s shown that some of Wolniewicz’s remarks are valuable, but the overall view of the problem should be corrected and supplemented taking into account nuances of both Aristotelian and Wittgensteinian ontologies. Having in mind the results of this analysis, one can read the early Wittgenstein’s philosophy as a statement about the role of the classical forms of thought for a philosopher proposing a non-classical worldview, which helps to elucidate the structure of the contemporary ontological discussions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Исследование направлено на прояснение позиции раннего Л. Витгенштейна в контексте современных дискуссий между сторонниками классической онтологии, ориентированной на понятие сущности (субстанции), и ее критиками. В качестве locus classicus субстанциальной онтологии обычно рассматривается усиология Аристотеля. Одна из отчетливых тенденций в современной философии - стремление отказаться от понятия субстанции и от видения реальности как «совокупности вещей» ( summa rerum ). Эта тенденция проходит через XX в. (Б. Рассел и др.) и составляет заметное явление в философии XXI в. Витгенштейн, который называет мир совокупностью фактов, а не вещей, во вторичной литературе устойчиво характеризуется как представитель неклассического способа мышления, выражающегося в его онтологии фактов - радикальной альтернативе по отношению к субстанциальной онтологии. Однако как эта характеристика согласуется с активным использованием в «Логико-философском трактате» терминов классического субстанциализма, восходящих к Аристотелю? Для того чтобы ответить на этот вопрос, в качестве исходного пункта анализа целесообразно обратиться к работе Б. Вольневича, посвященной сопоставлению аристотелианской и витгенштейнианской онтологий, в которой констатируется как различие, так и параллелизм между ними. В настоящей статье показана ценность некоторых наблюдений Вольневича; в то же время продемонстрирована необходимость скорректировать и дополнить анализ проблемы с учетом нюансов как аристотелианской, так и витгенштейнианской онтологии. Предложенное прочтение позволяет понять раннюю философию Витгенштейна как высказывание о роли классических форм мышления для философа, предлагающего неклассическую картину мира, что помогает пролить свет на структуру современных онтологических дискуссий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Aristotle</kwd><kwd>Wittgenstein</kwd><kwd>Wolniewicz</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Аристотель</kwd><kwd>Витгенштейн</kwd><kwd>Вольневич</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 21-18-00496, “The Semantic Structure of Propositional Attitudes of Consciousness”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 21-18-00496 «Семантическая структура пропозициональных установок сознания».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rescher N. Process Philosophy: A Survey of Basic Issues. Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press; 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rescher N. Process Philosophy: A Survey of Basic Issues. Pittsburgh : Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seibt J. Beyond Endurance and Perdurance: Recurrent Dynamics. In: Persistence. Frankfurt: Ontos; 2008. P. 133—164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seibt J. Beyond Endurance and Perdurance: Recurrent Dynamics // Persistence. Frankfurt : Ontos, 2008. P. 133-164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simons P. Processes and Precipitates. In: Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press; 2018. P. 49—60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simons P. Processes and Precipitates // Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2018. P. 49-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov AV, Solondaev VK. Processual Logic. Мoscow; 2019. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В., Солондаев В.К. Процессуальная логика. М. : ООО «Садра», 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalack VI. Comparative Logical Analysis of Substantive and Processual Ontologies. Logical Investigations. 2020;26(2):58—86. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2020-26-2-58-86</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шалак В.И. Сравнительный логический анализ субстанциальной и процессуальной онтологий // Логические исследования. 2020. Т. 26. № 2. С. 58-86. https://doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2020-26-2-58-86</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dupré J. Life as Process. Epistemology &amp; Philosophy of Science. 2020;57(2):96—113. https://doi.org/10.5840/eps202057224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dupré J. Life as Process // Epistemology &amp; Philosophy of Science. 2020. Vol. 57. N 2. P. 96-113. https://doi.org/10.5840/eps202057224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Löwe EJ. The Four-Category Ontology. A Metaphysical Foundation for Natural Science. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Löwe E.J. The Four-Category Ontology. A Metaphysical Foundation for Natural Science. Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith B. Against Fantology. In: Experience and Analysis. Vienna: Öbv &amp; Hpt; 2005. P. 153—170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith B. Against Fantology // Experience and Analysis. Vienna : Öbv &amp; Hpt, 2005. P. 153-170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Austin CJ. Organisms, Activity, and Being: on the Substance of Process Ontology. European Journal for Philosophy of Science. 2020;10(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-020-0278-0 (accessed: 06.11.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Austin C.J. Organisms, Activity, and Being: on the Substance of Process Ontology // European Journal for Philosophy of Science. 2020. Vol. 10. N 2. Режим доступа: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-020-0278-0 (дата обращения: 06.11.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Black M. A Companion to Wittgenstein’s ‘Tractatus’. Ithaca (N.Y.): Cornell Univ. Press; 1964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Black M. A Companion to Wittgenstein’s ‘Tractatus’. Ithaca (N.Y.) : Cornell Univ. Press, 1964.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolniewicz B. Ontology of situations: foundations and applications. Warszawa: PWN; 1985. (In Polish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolniewicz B. Ontologia sytuacji: podstawy i zastosowania. Warszawa : PWN, 1985.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapiro SJ. Aristotle, Wittgenstein and Beholding Categories. Annandale-on-Hudson: Bard College; 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shapiro S.J. Aristotle, Wittgenstein and Beholding Categories. Annandale-on-Hudson : Bard College, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">James A. Neo-Aristotelian-Wittgensteinian Ontology: The Logical Form of the Proposition, Philosophical Explanation, and Categorial Thought: [dissertation]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ.; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">James A. Neo-Aristotelian-Wittgensteinian Ontology: The Logical Form of the Proposition, Philosophical Explanation, and Categorial Thought: dissertation. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins Univ., 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surovtsev VA. Autonomy of Logic: Sources, Genesis and System of the Early Wittgenstein’s Philosophy. Tomsk: TSU Publishing House; 2001. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суровцев В.А. Автономия логики: источники, генезис и система философии раннего Витгенштейна. Томск : Изд-во ТГУ, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasyukov VL. Situations, Events, Facts: Formal Phenomenology of Situations. Мoscow: Nauka; 2019. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васюков В.Л. Ситуации, события, факты: формальная феноменология ситуаций. М. : Наука, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolniewicz B. A Parallelism Between Wittgensteinian and Aristotelian Ontologies. In: Transcendence in Contemporary Philosophy: Directions and Methods. Saint Petersburg: Aletheia; 2013. P. 326—339. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вольневич Б. Параллелизм между витгенштейнианской и аристотелианской онтологиями // Трансцендентное в современной философии: направления и методы. СПб. : Алетейя, 2013. С. 326-339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aristotle. Collected works in 4 vol. Vol. 1. Мoscow: Mysl; 1976. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аристотель. Соч. в 4 т. Т. 1. М. : Мысль, 1976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marx W. Introduction to Aristotle's Theory of Being as Being. Dordrecht: Springer; 1977.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marx W. Introduction to Aristotle's Theory of Being as Being. Dordrecht : Springer, 1977.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dragalina-Chernaya EG. Informal Notes on Logical Form. Saint Petersburg: Aletheia; 2015. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драгалина-Черная Е. Г. Неформальные заметки о логической форме. СПб. : Алетейя, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Imai M, Gentner D. A Crosslinguistic Study of Early Word Meaning: Universal Ontology and Linguistic Influence. Cognition. 1997;62(2):169—200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(96)00784-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Imai M., Gentner D. A Crosslinguistic Study of Early Word Meaning: Universal Ontology and Linguistic Influence // Cognition. 1997. Vol. 62. N 2. P. 169-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(96)00784-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wittgenstein L. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Мoscow: Kanon+ ROOI “Reabilitatsiya”; 2017. (In German, Russian, English).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витгенштейн Л. Логико-философский трактат. М. : «Канон+» РООИ «Реабилитация», 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Copi IM. Objects, Properties, and Relations in the Tractatus. Mind. New Series. 1968;67(266):145—165. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/lxvii.266.145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Copi I.M. Objects, Properties, and Relations in the Tractatus // Mind. New Series. 1968. Vol. 67. N 266. P. 145-165. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/lxvii.266.145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hume D. Works in 2 vol. Vol. 1. Moscow: Mysl; 1996. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юм Д. Соч. в 2 т. Т. 1. М. : Мысль, 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruf H. Wolniewicz on Wittgenstein and Aristotle. In: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. IV. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1969. P. 218—225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruf H. Wolniewicz on Wittgenstein and Aristotle // Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. IV. Dordrecht : Reidel, 1969. P. 218-225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wittgenstein L. Notebooks 1914—1916. Мoscow: Kanon+ ROOI “Reabilitatsiya”; 2015. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витгенштейн Л. Дневники 1914-1916. М. : «Канон+» РООИ «Реабилитация», 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makeeva LB. Language, Ontology and Realism. Мoscow: HSE Publishing House; 2011. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макеева Л.Б. Язык, онтология и реализм. М. : Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardie WFR. Aristotle and the Freewill Problem. Philosophy. 1968;43(165):274—278. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100009244</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardie W.F.R. Aristotle and the Freewill Problem // Philosophy. 1968. Vol. 43. N 165. P. 274-278. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100009244</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danko SV. The Disability and the Power of Will. The Comments to L. Wittgenstein’s Aphorism “The world is independent of my will”. Belgorod State University Scientific bulletin. Philosophy, Sociology, Law. 2016;38:66—70. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данько С.В. Бессилие и могущество воли. Комментарии к афоризму Л. Витгенштейна «Мир не зависит от моей воли» // Научные ведомости БелГУ. Серия «Философия. Социология. Право». 2016. Т. 24. № 38. С. 66-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
