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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31377</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2022-26-2-454-469</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Moral Sanctions: Two Traditions of Understanding</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Моральные санкции: две традиции понимания</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-8226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokofyev</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокофьев</surname><given-names>Андрей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. in Philosophy, associate professor, leading researcher, Department of Ethics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник сектора этики</p></bio><email>avprok2006@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт философии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">INDIAN PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЛОСОФИЯ И КУЛЬТУРА ИНДИИ</issue-title><fpage>454</fpage><lpage>469</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Prokofyev A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Прокофьев А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokofyev A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокофьев А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/31377">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/31377</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The paper is aimed at providing general outlines of the more than two-century history of the theory of moral sanctions. It rests on a thesis about unity of all disciplines studying morality. The aim of the paper has been achieved trough an analysis of how some basic concepts were borrowed and basic ideas were transformed. The first tradition links moral sanctions with public condemnation. Some of its adherents simply identified public condemnation with moral sanction. This opinion prevailed until the middle of the XXth century. Later it was suggested that a sanction becomes genuinely moral only when a transgressor herself is sensitive to condemnation because she recognizes that she deserves it and feels shame, guilt or remorse. It means that an external side of the sanction has to be complemented by an internal one. The first tradition presupposes a deep and thorough analysis of an external side of the moral sanction, i.e. various forms of sanctioning behavior (avoidance, censure, denunciation, reproach, scolding etc.) The second tradition was initiated by J.S. Mill and H. Sidgwick, it includes among moral sanctions the very negative emotions of self-appraisal. For adherents of this tradition, model and most important moral sanctions are internal: guilt and remorse. Characteristics of internal (autonomous) and external (heteronomous) sanctions were established in the XXth century anthropology. Later this distinction became current in the contemporary ethics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Цель статьи - реконструировать историю представлений о моральных санкциях в последние два с лишним столетия. Методология исследования исходит из тезиса о единстве различных дисциплин, изучающих феномен морали. Для исследования конкретного эпизода из истории этого междисциплинарного комплекса был проведен анализ того, как заимствовались ключевые понятия и трансформировались ключевые идеи. Установлено, что первая традиция связывает моральные санкции с таким явлением, как общественное осуждение. Для некоторых ее представителей общественное осуждение и есть моральная санкция. Этот взгляд преобладал до середины XX в. Позднее появилось предположение, что санкция становится моральной только тогда, когда сам нарушитель болезненно воспринимает осуждение, поскольку признает правоту внешней оценки (испытывает стыд, вину, угрызения совести). Внешняя сторона санкции должна дополняться внутренней. Для первой традиции характерны попытки дифференцировать внешнюю сторону моральной санкции - выделить разные формы санкционирующего поведения (избегание, порицание, упреки, выговор, обличение, протест и т.д.) Вторая традиция, инициированная Дж.С. Миллем и Г. Сиджвиком, включает в число моральных санкций сами по себе болезненные эмоции самоосуждения, испытываемые нарушителем. Образцовыми моральными санкциями представители этой традиции считают внутренние: угрызения совести и вину. Особенности внешних и внутренних санкций были исследованы в антропологии первой половины XX в., там же произошло отождествление внутреннего характера санкций с их автономностью. Последний тезис был подхвачен многими представителями современной моральной философии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethics</kwd><kwd>morality</kwd><kwd>moral sanctions</kwd><kwd>public condemnation</kwd><kwd>moral emotions</kwd><kwd>remorse</kwd><kwd>guilt</kwd><kwd>shame</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мораль</kwd><kwd>этика</kwd><kwd>моральные санкции</kwd><kwd>общественное осуждение</kwd><kwd>моральные эмоции</kwd><kwd>угрызения совести</kwd><kwd>вина</kwd><kwd>стыд</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hieronymi P. Fairness, sanction, and condemnation. In: Oxford studies in agency and responsibility. Vol. 8. 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