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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31368</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2022-26-2-342-352</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INDIAN PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ И КУЛЬТУРА ИНДИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Inclusivism, Perspectivism and Pluralistic Tendencies in the History of Indian Culture</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инклюзивизм, перспективизм и плюралистические тенденции в истории индийской культуры</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-2061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Desnitskaya</surname><given-names>Evgeniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Десницкая</surname><given-names>Евгения Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>CSc in Philosophy, Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат философских наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>khecari@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Manuscripts RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт восточных рукописей РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">INDIAN PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЛОСОФИЯ И КУЛЬТУРА ИНДИИ</issue-title><fpage>342</fpage><lpage>352</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Desnitskaya E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Десницкая Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Desnitskaya E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Десницкая Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/31368">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/31368</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">This article provides a survey of approaches and conceptual means elaborated in recent decades in the studies of pluralistic tendencies in Indian culture. The concepts of inclusivism, perspectivism, antologizing and polyphony are discussed in a close relation with the specific context in which they were introduced, as well as with the implicit presuppositions of the scholars who elaborated them. In particular, the interpretations of inclusivism introduced by Paul Hacker and Gerhard Oberhammer were inextricably intertwined with the views on Indian religions these scholars developed. The concept of perspectivism was introduced in a philosophical context, mainly with respect to Bhartṛhari’s and Jaina philosophy. Antologizing and polyphony can be characterized as a more cautious way to conceptualize pluralistic tendencies in Indian traditional discourse, because they focus on narrative strategies that enable expressing alternative views in the frames of a single text. From a historical point of view pluralistic tendencies might be stipulated by the diverse social reality in Ancient India where heterogeneous cultural phenomena coexisted in a process of mutual reinterpretation and adaptation. Another possible presupposition of perspectivism could be the cyclic concept of time that was predominant in Indian traditional discourse. In Indian intellectual systems pluralistic practices were usually legitimized with the view that there are different levels of truth. Though instances of inclusivism can be discovered in the cultures of different regions, it was in India that inclusivism became a dominant trend in the cultural history.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Настоящая статья представляет обзор подходов и концептуальных средств, используемых в индологических исследованиях последних десятилетий для осмысления плюралистических тенденций в различных областях индийской культуры. Понятия инклюзивизма, перспективизма, антологизации и полифонии рассматриваются во взаимосвязи с характером той области индийской культуры, для изучения которой они были введены, а также в связи с априорными установками разрабатывавших их исследователей. Так, интерпретации инклюзивизма, предложенные П. Хакером и Г. Оберхаммером, неразрывно связаны с религиоведческими изысканиями этих исследователей. Понятием перспективизма исследователи обыкновенно оперируют в философском контексте, используя его для интерпретации трудов Бхартрихари и джайнских философов. Понятия антологизации и полифонии можно охарактеризовать как более осторожные попытки фиксации плюралистических тенденций в классическом индийском дискурсе, поскольку они основываются на выявлении частных стратегий и текстуальных приемов, способствующих репрезентации альтернативных точек зрения в рамках одного нарратива. В статье также рассматриваются предпосылки для формирования плюралистических тенденций и инклюзивистских стратегий в индийской культуре. С исторической точки зрения, очевидной причиной является многоплановость социальной действительности в Древней Индии, в рамках которой сосуществование разнородных культурных элементов основывалось на реинтерпретации и мягкой адаптации. Также возможной предпосылкой для распространенности инклюзивизма можно считать циклическое представление о времени, характерное для древнеиндийского дискурса. В рамках самой индийской культуры плюралистические практики обыкновенно легитимизировались с помощью апелляции к различным уровням истинности. Несмотря на то, что примеры применения инклюзивистской стратегии были зафиксированы в культурах различных регионов, именно в Индии инклюзивизм стал одной из главенствующих форм эволюции культуры.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Indian philosophy</kwd><kwd>Indian religious traditions</kwd><kwd>religious studies</kwd><kwd>Oberhammer</kwd><kwd>Hacker</kwd><kwd>inclusivism</kwd><kwd>perspectivism</kwd><kwd>philosophy of culture</kwd><kwd>cyclic view of time</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индийская философия</kwd><kwd>индийские религиозные традиции</kwd><kwd>религиоведение</kwd><kwd>Оберхаммер</kwd><kwd>Хакер</kwd><kwd>инклюзивизм</kwd><kwd>перспективизм</kwd><kwd>философия культуры</kwd><kwd>циклическое представление о времени</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the project of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research № 20-011-00479: “Transcendental Hermeneutics of G. Oberhammer in History of European and Indian Philosophy”.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках проекта Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ) № 20-011-00479: «Трансцендентальная герменевтика Г. Оберхаммера в истории европейской и индийской философии».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dodson MS. Re-Presented for the Pandits: James Ballantyne, ‘Useful Knowledge’, and Sanskrit Scholarship in Benares College during the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Modern Asian Studies. 2002;36(2):257—298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dodson M.S. Re-Presented for the Pandits: James Ballantyne, ‘Useful Knowledge’, and Sanskrit Scholarship in Benares College during the Mid-Nineteenth Century // Modern Asian Studies. 2002. Vol. 36. № 2. 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