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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29695</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2021-25-4-640-655</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION: CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: ВЫЗОВЫ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spiritual Exercise as Techne: Philosophy as a Way of Liberating Education</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Духовные упражнения как techne: философия как способ освобождения образования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>Shu-Fen</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лин</surname><given-names>Шу-Фен</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Philosophy, assistant professor, Department of Philosophy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD (философия), доцент, философский факультет</p></bio><email>kerstin@nccu.edu.tw</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsai</surname><given-names>Wei-Ding</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цай</surname><given-names>Вей-Динг</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Philosophy, associate professor, Department of Philosophy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD (философия), доцент, философский факультет</p></bio><email>sprache@nccu.edu.tw</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistyakov</surname><given-names>Denis Igorevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистяков</surname><given-names>Денис Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Sociology, Deputy Director for Science, Hotel Business and Tourism Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат социологических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе, Институт гостиничного бизнеса и туризма</p></bio><email>chistyakov.d@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Chengchi University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный университет Чжэнчжи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION: CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЛОСОФИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: ВЫЗОВЫ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ</issue-title><fpage>640</fpage><lpage>655</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-15"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Lin S., Tsai W., Chistyakov D.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Лин Ш., Цай В., Чистяков Д.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lin S., Tsai W., Chistyakov D.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лин Ш., Цай В., Чистяков Д.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/29695">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/29695</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The study of education systems as social phenomena has led scholars to question the role of education in modern society. The question of how to improve education naturally leads to concerns about what is wrong with the present education system. If education is meant to elevate the next generation, how can it meet the goal of ensuring a meaningful existence for those being educated? Scholars have demonstrated that education has been reduced to a process of the construction of objects, where curriculum as techne commodifies students into products with market value. We propose that the tendency of interpreting techne as technology is a perspective of the modern age, and the rules of modern education are based on the rules of modern technology, under the guidance of the paradigm of productivity. We will introduce a broader interpretation of techne which frames it as the cultivation of virtue, i.e., virtue-techne. On this basis, education could be viewed as techne in the sense of praxis (practice, exercise), rather than as fabrication in the sense of production. We highlight the rising rate of student suicides in Taiwan in recent years, where we determine the education system lacks a focus on praxis. This article investigates alternative praxis-oriented notions of education, from Aristotle's cultivation of virtue to Hadot's "spiritual exercises," to advocate for a shift away from the production paradigm. Indebted to Heidegger, we clarify his "techne as revealing" by emphasizing two frameworks for education: The first, modern education being valued by its adherence to metrics based in the paradigm of production. The second, education as a process wherein its value is derived from the life context of the participating individual. Finally, as a comparative study, we explore the current state of education in Russia and Taiwan, and present the case of one high school in Taiwan which has adopted the practice of spiritual exercises in its curriculum, including a required hike to the peak of Taiwan's tallest mountain, to cultivate a sense of (and value for) the liberated life before its students graduate.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Изучение систем образования как социальных явлений заставило ученых задаться вопросом о роли образования в современном обществе. Вопрос «Как улучшить образование?», естественно, приводит к размышлениям, что не так с нынешней системой. Если образование призвано возвысить следующее поколение, то как оно может достичь цели обеспечения осмысленного существования обучающихся? Образование свелось к процессу конструирования объектов, где учебная программа как techne превращает студентов в товар, имеющий рыночную стоимость. Авторы статьи предполагают, что тенденция интерпретации techne как «технологии» является перспективой современности, а правила современного образования базируются на правилах актуальных технологий, ведомых парадигмой производительности. Предлагается более широкая интерпретация techne как культивирование добродетели - добродетель-techne. Таким образом, образование можно рассматривать как techne в смысле праксиса (практики, упражнений), а не как производство в смысле производства. Подчеркивается рост числа самоубийств среди студентов в последние годы в Тайване, где, по мнению авторов, система образования не уделяет должного внимания праксису. Исследуются альтернативные, ориентированные на праксис понятия образования, от аристотелевского культивирования добродетели до «духовных упражнений» Пьера Адо для обоснования отхода от парадигмы производства. Опираясь на Хайдеггера, авторы используют концепцию «techne как раскрытие», выделяя две концептуальные схемы образования. Во-первых, современное образование ценится за приверженность метрикам, основанным на парадигме производства. Во-вторых, образование - процесс, ценность которого определяется жизненным контекстом участвующего в нем индивида. В заключение, в качестве сравнительного исследования, исследуется состояние образования в России и на Тайване, а также приводится пример одной из средних школ Тайваня, которая включила в свою учебную программу духовные упражнения, в том числе обязательный поход на вершину самой высокой горы страны для воспитания в учениках чувства (и ценности) освобожденной жизни до окончания школы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>philosophy of education</kwd><kwd>techne</kwd><kwd>eudaimonia</kwd><kwd>virtue</kwd><kwd>spiritual exercise</kwd><kwd>praxis</kwd><kwd>life</kwd><kwd>nature</kwd><kwd>Hadot</kwd><kwd>Heidegger</kwd><kwd>Aristotle</kwd><kwd>techne</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>философия образования</kwd><kwd>эвдемония</kwd><kwd>добродетель</kwd><kwd>духовные упражнения</kwd><kwd>праксис</kwd><kwd>жизнь</kwd><kwd>природа</kwd><kwd>Пьер Адо</kwd><kwd>Хайдеггер</kwd><kwd>Аристотель</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by the RFBR and MOST according to the research project "Philosophy of Being Human as the Core of Interdisciplinary Research" (RFBR No 20-511-S52002; MOST 109-2923-H-004-001-MY3).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Министерства по науке и технологиям Тайваня в рамках научного проекта 20-511-S52002 МНТ_а и MOST 109-2923-H-004-001-MY3 «Философия человека как проблема междисциплинарных исследований».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dewar MD. 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