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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">21935</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2019-23-3-278-289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL PRACTICES OF EAST</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ И ДУХОВНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ ВОСТОКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE PRINCIPLE OF THE FINAL SALVATION IN HINDU TANTRIC SOTERIOLOGY</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРИНЦИП ОКОНЧАТЕЛЬНОГО ИЗБАВЛЕНИЯ В ИНДУИСТСКОЙ ТАНТРИЧЕСКОЙ СОТЕРИОЛОГИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakhomov</surname><given-names>S V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомов</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры философской антропологии и истории философии Института философии человека</p></bio><email>sarpa68@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 23, NO3 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 23, №3 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>278</fpage><lpage>289</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-10-14"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Pakhomov S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Пахомов С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pakhomov S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пахомов С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/21935">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/21935</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The specificity of tantric soteriology consists of a combination of three basic principles - unity, salvation, and bliss. This article explores the principle of salvation. Spiritual liberation implies the final overcoming of obstacles hindering the new worldview. Unlike the principle of unity, the principle of salvation focuses on difference, not on identity, drawing a sharp line between the desired state of liberation and the present state of dependence. The main obstacles to spiritual liberation are expressed in the well-known triad “avidyā - karma - saṃsāra”. The principle of salvation appears in Tantrism in two interrelated forms, the ascetic and śaktic ones. Both of them agree with each other in rejection of spiritual ignorance. Spiritual ignorance is the main “negative goal”; without deliverance from it there is no freedom. The state of ignorance is existential one and endowed with powerful protective “forces”. The principle of salvation implies the deliverance not only from everything that is usually considered negative (passions, sensual desires, suffering, etc.), but also of “positive” things (virtue). In the śaktic mode of the principle of salvation, it is assumed that an incorrect view of reality is eliminated by a correct view of it. Due to the fact that, according to the tantric adepts, the energies of the divine Śakti act in the world, the understanding of this fact leads the adept to stop perceiving himself as a dependent being even in the midst of an infinite variety of processes and events of the world. Life is then perceived as an unconditioned, spontaneous “divine play”, a stream of divine pleasure. Ascetic form can be reduced to an ontological interpretation of the principle of salvation, and śaktic form to a cognitive one.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Специфика тантрической сотериологии состоит в сочетании трех основных принципов - единства, избавления и блаженства. В настоящей статье исследуется принцип избавления. Духовное освобождение предполагает окончательное преодоление препятствий, мешающих новому мировоззрению. В отличие от принципа единства принцип избавления ориентируется на различие, а не на тождество, проводя резкую грань между желаемым состоянием освобождения и наличным состоянием зависимости. Избавление не предполагает возобновления того, от чего избавились. Главные препятствия для духовной свободы выражены в известной триаде «авидья - карма - сансара». Принцип избавления фигурирует в тантризме в двух взаимосвязанных модусах, аскетическом и шактистском. Оба они согласуются друг с другом в неприятии духовного невежества. Это состояние является основной «негативной целью»; без избавления от него не бывает свободы. Состояние неведения экзистенциально и наделено мощными охранительными «силами». Принцип избавления подразумевает освобождение не только от всего того, что обычно считается негативным (страсти, чувственные желания, страдания и т.п.), но и от «позитивных» вещей (добродетель). В шактистском модусе принципа избавления предполагается, что неправильный взгляд на реальность (совпадающий с неведением), устраняется правильным взглядом на нее. В связи с тем, что, по убеждению тантристов, в мире действуют энергии единой божественной Шакти, понимание этого факта приводит адепта к прекращению восприятия себя зависимым существом даже посреди бесконечного разнообразия процессов и событий мира. Жизнь тогда воспринимается как необусловленная, спонтанная «божественная игра», поток божественного наслаждения. Аскетический модус можно свести к онтологическому виду интерпретации принципа избавления, а шактистский - к когнитивному.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hindu Tantrism</kwd><kwd>Tantric soteriology</kwd><kwd>salvation principle</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индуистский тантризм</kwd><kwd>тантрическая сотериология</kwd><kwd>принцип избавления</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abhinavagupta. Paramārthasāra (“Essence of the Highest Truth”). Tr. by S Pakhomov. Vestnik Russkoi khristianskoi gumanitarnoi akademii (Newsletter of Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities). St. Petersburg, 2013;14(1):127—139). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абхинавагупта. Парамартхасара («Суть высшей истины») / пер. с санскр. С.В. Пахомова // Вестник Русской христианской гуманитарной академии. СПб., 2013. Т. 14. 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