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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18712</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2302-2018-22-2-168-182</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Ontology and epistemology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Онтология и теория познания</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Language, brain and computation: from semiotic asymmetry to recursive rules</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Язык, мозг, вычисления: от семиотической асимметрии к рекурсивным правилам</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baryshnikov</surname><given-names>P N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барышников</surname><given-names>Павел Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">-</bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры исторических и социально-философских дисциплин, востоковедения и теологии, руководитель Научно-образовательно-инновационной лаборатории «Методологический и проектно-аналитический центр междисциплинарного взаимодействия»</p></bio><email>pnbaryshnikov@pglu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pyatigorsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пятигорский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 22, NO2 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 22, №2 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Baryshnikov P.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Барышников П.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baryshnikov P.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барышников П.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/18712">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/18712</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">This article reviews the comparative analysis of the most promising theoretical areas exploring the correlation principles of the structural / functional brain organization and cognitive characteristics of the language. A special role in the presented approaches is assigned to the principles of computability. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the modular and holistic models in the context of semiotic asymmetry. It is important to emphasize that the language model as a set of hierarchically represented objects is consistent with only with the connectivism paradigm (brain as a network), in which the main element is the functional neuron, and it is not the biological neuron but its simplified information model. The informational simplification creates a number of contradictions. We have analyzed the methodological basis of neural network approach and principles of recursive organization. The main question is, do neuron structures determine the principles of mental representations and computational grammar models? The uniformity of syntax and logical structure of neurons creates metaphorical and a not completely correct hypothesis that brain is a network of functional units that computes grammar and syntax rules. One of the objectives of this work is to identify the methodological inconsistencies arising from the computational models of language structures and language activity.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Данная статья посвящена сравнительному анализу одной из наиболее влиятельных теоретических областей, использующей корреляционные принципы структурно-функциональной организации мозга и когнитивных характеристик естественного языка. Особая роль в данном подходе присваивается принципу вычислимости. В статье обсуждаются преимущества и недостатки модулярного и холистического подходов в контексте семиотической асимметрии. Важно отметить, что информационное представление языка в виде системы иерархически упорядоченных объектов хорошо сочетается с коннекционистской моделью мозга, в которой каждый вычисляющий элемент сети отвечает за определенные нейрональные функции. Такое методологическое упрощение создает ряд противоречий. В данной работе анализируются методологические основания нейросетевого подхода и принципы рекурсивной организации языковых процессов. Основной вопрос состоит в следующем: определяет ли структура нейронных связей процессы формирования ментальных репрезентаций и грамматические вычисления? Единообразие логико-синтаксической структуры нейронов в нейросетевых моделях порождает не вполне корректную гипотезу о том, что мозг - это нейросеть, способная к вычислению синтаксических и грамматических правил. Одна из целей данной статьи состоит в выявлении методологических противоречий, указывающих на особенности языковой структуры и принципов языковой деятельности, несогласующихся с вычислительными моделями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional asymmetry</kwd><kwd>semiotic asymmetry</kwd><kwd>computability</kwd><kwd>garden-path sentences</kwd><kwd>mirror neurons</kwd><kwd>recursion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональная асимметрия</kwd><kwd>семиотическая асимметрия</kwd><kwd>вычислимость</kwd><kwd>«эффект садовой дорожки»</kwd><kwd>зеркальные нейроны</kwd><kwd>рекурсия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Arbib, Michael A. 2010. Action to language via the mirror neuron system. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arbib, Michael A., and G. 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