<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Phenomenon of Reciprocity: Communicative and Normative Prerequisites of Morality in its Historical Geneses</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Феномен взаимности: коммуникативные и нормативные предпосылки исторического формирования морали</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apressyan</surname><given-names>R G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апресян</surname><given-names>Рубен Грантович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Институт философии РАН</bio><email>apressyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт философии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-12"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Apressyan R.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Апресян Р.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Apressyan R.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Апресян Р.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/11288">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/11288</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The genesis of thinking according to the type and the spirit of the Golden Rule (and conjugated with it Lex Talionis and the Commandment of Love) is considered as a pattern of historical formation of morality in general. Moral thinking was shaped by understanding and mastering the experience of particular communicative situations. Prior to normative generalizations and universal prescriptivity the logic of moral thinking was gradually growing up of the expectations of agents of communicative situations as logic of reciprocity and mutuality. The analysis is based on the material of Homer's poems.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Историческое формирование морали рассматривается на примере генезиса логики мышления по типу и в духе золотого правила (и сопряженных с ним талиона и заповеди любви) на основе коммуникативного и нормативного опыта взаимности. Моральное мышление формируется в результате осмысления и освоения опыта конкретных коммуникативных ситуаций. Даже не доведенная до нормативных обобщений, до универсальной императивности логика морального мышления постепенно складывается в порядке ожиданий участников коммуникативных ситуаций, как логика обоюдности, взаимообращенности. Анализ основан на материале гомеровских поэм.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genealogy of morality</kwd><kwd>the Golden Rule</kwd><kwd>reciprocity</kwd><kwd>retaliation</kwd><kwd>gratitude</kwd><kwd>benevolence</kwd><kwd>Homer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генеалогия морали</kwd><kwd>золотое правило</kwd><kwd>взаимность</kwd><kwd>возмездие</kwd><kwd>благодарность</kwd><kwd>благорасположение</kwd><kwd>Гомер</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Апресян Р.Г. О появлении понятия «золотое правило» // Этическая мысль. Вып. 8 / Под ред. А.А. Гусейнова. - М.: ИФРАН, 2008. - С. 194.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ferguson J. Moral Values in the Ancient World. - L.: Methuen &amp; Co Ltd, 1958</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Adkins A.W.H. Merit and Responsibility: A Study in Greek Values. - Oxford: Clarendon, 1960</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Long A.A. Morals and Values in Homer // The Journal of Hellenic Studies. - 1970</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Finley M.I. The World of Odisseus. 2-nd ed. - L.: Chatto&amp; Windus, 1977</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Gagarin M. Morality in Homer // Classical Philology. - 1987. - Vol. 82. - № 4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Donlan W. Reciprocities in Homer // The Classical World. - 1982. - Vol. 75. - № 3. - P. 137-175</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Beidelman T.O. Agonistic Exchange: Homeric Reciprocity and the Heritage of Simmel and Mauss // Cultural Anthropology. - 1989. - Vol. 4. - № 3. - Р. 227-259.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Uehara E.S. Reciprocity Reconsidered: Gouldner's 'Moral Norm of Reciprocity' and Social Support // Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. - 1995. - № 12. - Р. 483-502.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Sahlins M. Stone Age Economics. Chicago; New York: Aldine-Athertone, Inc, 1972. - Р. 186</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Malinowski B. Kula; the Circulating Exchange of Valuables in the Archipelagoes of Eastern New Guinea // Man. - 1920. - Vol. 20. - P. 97-105.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Seaford R. Reciprocity and Ritual: Homer and Tragedy in the Developing City-State. - Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. - Р. 393</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Sahlins M. Op. cit.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Donlan W. Reciprocities in Homer // The Classical World. - 1982. - Vol. 75. - № 3. - P. 137-175</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Beidelman T.O. Agonistic Exchange: Homeric Reciprocity and the Heritage of Simmel and Mauss // Cultural Anthropology. - 1989. - Vol. 4. - № 3. - P. 227-259</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Brown A. Homeric Talents and the Ethics of Exchange // The Journal of Hellenic Studies. - 1998. - Vol. 118. - P. 165-172</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Harries B. «Strange Meeting»: Diomedes and Glaucus in 'Iliad' 6 // Greece &amp; Rome. Second Series. - 1993. - Vol. 40. - № 2. - P. 133-146.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Гомер. Илиада / Пер. Н.И. Гнедича. Изд. подготовил А.И. Зайцев. - Л.: Наука, 1990.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Гомер. Илиада. Одиссея / Пер. В.В. Вересаева. Сост., автор вступит. статьи и коммент. А.А. Тахо-Годи. - М.: Просвещение, 1987</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Аристотель. Большая этика, I, 34 // Аристотель. Соч. В 4 т. - Т. 4. - С. 326</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Mackenzie M.M. Plato on Punishment. - Berkeley; Los Angeles, 1981. - P. 72</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Wilson D. Ransom, Revenge, and Heroic Identity in the Iliad. - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. В частности, P. 91-92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Апресян Р.Г. Истоки морали в архаическом обществе (на материале «Илиады»): Статья 1 // Человек. - 2011. - № 3. - С. 29-30.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>MacDowell D.M. The Law in Classical Athens. - L.: Thames and Hudson, 1978. - P. 19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Source W.L. The Trial Scene in Iliad XVIII // The Journal of Hellenic Studies. - 1887. - Vol. 8. - P. 124.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Sidgwick H. The Trial Scene in Homer // The Classical Review. - 1894. - Vol. 8. - № 1-2. - P. 1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Westbrook R. The Trial Scene in the Iliad // Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. - 1992. - Vol. 94. - P. 54</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Суриков И.Е. Законодательство Драконта // Древнее право. - 2000. - № 2(7). - С. 8-18 (текст закона и его перевод - С. 9-10).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Edwards A. Homer's Ethical Geography: Country and City in the Odyssey // Transactions of the American Philological Association. - 1993. - Vol. 123. - P. 52.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Апресян Р.Г. Талион и золотое правило: критический анализ сопряженных контекстов // Вопросы философии. - 2001. - № 3. - С. 72-84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Ницше Ф. К генеалогии морали: Полемическое сочинение / Пер. К.А. Свасьяна // Ницше Ф. Соч. в 2 т. - Т. 2. - М.: Мысль, 1990.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Wees H. van. The Law of Gratitude: Reciprocity in Anthropological Theory / Ed. C.G. Norman, P. Waite, R. Seaford. - Oxford: Oxford U. P., 1998.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Gouldner A.W. The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement // American Sociological Review. - 1960. - Vol. 25.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Seaford R. Introduction // Reciprocity in Ancient Greece / Ed. by Ch.G. Norman, P. Waite, R. Seaford. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Sahlins M. Stone Age Economics. - Chicago; New York: Aldine-Athertone, Inc, 1972.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Lévi-Strauss C. The Elementary Structures of Kinship / Transl. from French. - Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Гесиод. Труды и дни: Земледельческая поэма // О происхождении богов. - М., 1990.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Аристотель. Никомахова этика, 1133а5 // Аристотель. Соч. в 4 т. - Т. 4 / Общ. ред. А.И. Доватура. - М.: Мысль, 1984.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Adkins A.W.H. Merit and Responsibility: A Study in Greek Values. - Oxford: Clarendon, 1960.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Donlan W. Reciprocities in Homer // The Classical World. - 1982. - Vol. 75. - № 3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Wattles J. The Golden Rule. - N.Y.; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Muellner L. The Anger of Achilles: Mēňis in Greek Epic. Ithaca. - L.: Cornell University Press, 1996.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Аристотель. Риторика, 1366а 33-34 [Пер. с греч. Н. Платоновой (1884), сверен. О.В. Смыкой] // Античные риторики / Статьи, комм. и общ. ред. А.А. Тахо-Годи. - М.: МГУ, 1978.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Zanker G. Beyond Reciprocity: The Akhilleus-Priam Scene in Iliad 24 // Reciprocity in Ancient Greece / Eds. C.G. Normann, P. Waite, R. Seaford. - Oxford: Univ. Press, 1998.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
