<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Philosophy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Cерия: Философия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2302</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8900</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11280</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ethical problems of cloning humans (SCNT)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этические проблемы клонирования человека (SCNT)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savvina</surname><given-names>O V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саввина</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Department of Ethics Faculty of humanities and social science</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Кафедра этики Факультет гуманитарных и социальных наук</bio><email>savvinao10@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO2 (2015)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№2 (2015)</issue-title><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-12"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Savvina O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Саввина О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savvina O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саввина О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/11280">https://journals.rudn.ru/philosophy/article/view/11280</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The article analyses ethical problems of cloning of human beings. Today scientists have opportunity to clone animals and human embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and the author considers this technology and ethical problems generated by it. The author maintains that we must divide two types of cloning of human beings: therapeutic and reproductive. The therapeutic cloning does not generate any new ethical problems or dilemmas, but it exacerbates the problems which have already existed (moral status of human embryos, health care recourses distribution, etc.). Reproductive cloning of human beings will generate as absolutely new ethical problems so new scientific solutions.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В статье анализируются этические проблемы клонирования человека. Сегодня технологии позволяют ученым клонировать животных и человеческие эмбрионы в соматической клетке ядерного переноса (SCNT). В своей статье автор рассматривает как саму эту технологию, так и этические проблемы, порожденные ею. Автор утверждает, что мы должны выделить два типа клонирования человеческих существ: лечебного и репродуктивного свойства. Лечебное клонирование само по себе не создает каких-либо новых этических проблем или дилемм, лишь усугубляет проблемы, которые уже существовали ранее (моральный статус эмбриона человека, здравоохранение, распределение ресурсов и т.д.). Репродуктивное клонирование человека создает совершенно новые этические проблемы, но также предлагает новые научные решения.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>somatic cell nuclear transfer</kwd><kwd>reproductive cloning</kwd><kwd>therapeutic cloning</kwd><kwd>moral status of embryos</kwd><kwd>cloned animals</kwd><kwd>bioethics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перенос ядер соматических клеток</kwd><kwd>репродуктивное клонирование</kwd><kwd>терапевтическое клонирование</kwd><kwd>моральный статус эмбрионов</kwd><kwd>клонированных животных</kwd><kwd>биоэтика</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wilmut I., Schnieke A.E., McWhir J., Kind A.J. &amp; Campbell K.H.S. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 385, 810-813 (27 Feb 1997).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Baker M. Stem cells made by cloning adult humans // Nature. URL: http://www.nature.com/ news/stem-cells-made-by-cloning-adult-humans-1.15107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Chung Y.G. et al. Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Using Adult Cells Cell Stem Cell Vol. 14, Issue 6, pp. 777-780, 5 June 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2014.03.015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Steinbock B. The Oxford Handbook of Bioethics. Oxford University Press, 2007. P. 416-440.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Pattinson S., Caulfield T. Variations and voids: the regulation of human cloning around the world // BMC Medical Ethics. 2004, 5:9. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-5-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Zuradski T. Moral uncertainty in bioethical argumentation: a new understanding of the pro-life view on early human embryos. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. December 2014, Vol. 35, Issue 6, pp 441-457.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>WMA Statement on In-Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transplantation // Официальный сайт World Medical Association http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/20archives/e5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>WMA Statement on Embryonic Stem Cell Research // Официальный сайт World Medical Association http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/s1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ogbogu et al. Policy recommendations for addressing privacy challenges associated with cell-based research and interventions. BMC Medical Ethics 2014, 15:7 doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-7. URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/15/7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Chapter V: Animal Health Risks / A. Potential Hazards and Risks to Animals Involved in Cloning // Официальный сайт U.S. Food and Drug Administration. URL: http://www.fda.gov/ AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/AnimalCloning/ucm124840.htm.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Loike JD and Fischbach RL: Frontiers in Bioethics. New York: ST Press. 2013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Evans MJ, Gurer C, Loike JD, Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, Schon EA. 1999. Mitochondrial DNA genotypes in nuclear transfer-derived cloned sheep. Nature Genetics 23 (1): 90-93.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Watanabe S., Nagai T. Survival of embryos and calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle: a nationwide survey in Japan. Animal Science Journal (2011) 82, 360-365. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00846.x.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
