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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">8617</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fuzzy Conceptual Graphs for Knowledge Representation in Process-Oriented Organizations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нечеткие концептуальные графы для представления знаний в процессно-ориентированной организации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azofeifa</surname><given-names>E J</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азофейфа</surname><given-names>Гомез Хосуэ</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Department of Information Technologies</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Кафедра информационных технологий</bio><email>esteban.azofeifa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>G M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Галина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Department of Information Technologies</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Кафедра информационных технологий</bio><email>novikova_gm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Азофейфа Г.Х., Новикова Г.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Азофейфа Г.Х., Новикова Г.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/8617">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/8617</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The use of fuzzy conceptual graphs for representing knowledge in process-oriented organizations is considered. Two types of knowledge, procedural and declarative, are discussed; the diﬀerence between them is shown along with representation and usage details in knowledge bases. A formal deﬁnition of fuzzy conceptual graphs is given, and their ability to represent declarative and procedural domain knowledge in a simple and understandable way is shown. The structure of the knowledge base includes three levels: an ontological layer, which contains concepts and integrates declarative and procedural knowledge; a middle or interface layer, which describes business processes based on real data; and the ground layer, the layer of real (historical) data, which collects primary information about the current state of objects and the relationships between them. The diﬀerence between the types of information on each of the layers of the knowledge base is shown, as well as the application method of fuzzy conceptual graphs on the interface layer. A description of the mechanisms of interaction and rules for reﬂecting data from the ground layer to the interface layer is provided. Mathematical methods for analysis of primary data and fuzzy knowledge indicators are described, which aid in decision-making, optimization and reﬁnement of procedural knowledge systems.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Рассматривается использование нечетких концептуальных графов для представления знаний в процессно-ориентированных организациях. Рассмотрены два типа знаний - процедурные и декларативные, показано их различие и особенности представления и использования в базах знаний. Дано формальное определение нечетких концептуальных графов. Показаны их возможности для представления в простой и понятной форме как декларативных, так и процедурных знаний предметной области. Предложена структура Базы Знаний, которая включает три уровня: онтологический слой, содержащий концепты понятий и интегрирующий декларативные и процедурные знания; средний слой, описывающий схемы бизнес-процессов на основе исторических данных, формирующихся на базовом уровне; нижний слой, слой реальных данных, где собирается первичная информация о текущих состояниях объектов и отношений между ними. Показано отличие типов информации на каждом из слоев базы знаний, а также способ использования нечеткого концептуального графа на средне-интерфейсном слое. Рассмотрены механизмы взаимодействия и правила преобразования информации между средне-интерфейсным слоем и базовым слоем. Описан математический аппарат и методы анализа первичной информации для поддержки принятия решений по оптимизации и уточнению процедурных знаний системы, а также показатели, используемые в процессе анализа нечетких знаний.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fuzzy conceptual graphs</kwd><kwd>knowledge representation</kwd><kwd>business process</kwd><kwd>knowledge base</kwd><kwd>ontology</kwd><kwd>intelligent agent</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нечёткие концептуальные графы</kwd><kwd>представления знаний</kwd><kwd>бизнес-процесс</kwd><kwd>базы знаний</kwd><kwd>онтологии</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальный агент</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cardoso J., Aalst W. Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling. - Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2009. - Pp. 456-480.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Chein M., Mugnier M. 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