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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="oration" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">8335</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Conference Report, Theses of Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Fundamental Principles of Theoretical Physics and Concepts of Quasiaverages, Quantum Protectorate and Emergence</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фундаментальные принципы теоретической физики и концепции квазисредних, квантового протектората и эмергенции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzemsky</surname><given-names>A L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куземский</surname><given-names>Александр Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Лаборатория теоретической физики им. Н.Н. Боголюбова</bio><email>kuzemsky@theor.jinr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Объединённый институт ядерных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>229</fpage><lpage>244</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Куземский А.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куземский А.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/8335">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/8335</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">In the present paper we discuss the interrelation of the advanced interdisciplinary concepts of modern physics such as symmetry breaking, quantum protectorate, emergence and the Bogoliubov’s concept of quasiaverages in the context of modern theoretical physics, and, in particular, quantum and statistical physics. The main aim of this analysis was to demonstrate the connection and interrelation of these conceptual advances of the many-particle physics and to try to show explicitly that those concepts, though diﬀerent in details, have certain common features. Some problems in the ﬁeld of statistical physics of complex materials and systems e.g. foundation of the microscopic theory of magnetism and superconductivity were pointed in relation to these ideas. The main suggestion is that the emphasis of symmetry breaking concept is on the symmetry itself, whereas the method of quasiaverages emphasizes the degeneracy of a system. The concept of quantum protectorate reveals essential diﬀerence in the behavior of the complex many-body systems at the low-energy and high-energy scales. Thus the notion of quantum protectorate might provide distinctive signatures and good criteria for a hierarchy of energy scales and the appropriate emergent behavior.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В настоящей работе обсуждаются новейшие глубокие концепции современной теоретической физики, имеющие междисциплинарный характер: симметрия и нарушенная симметрия, квазисредние Н.Н. Боголюбова, квантовый протекторат и эмергенция (возникающие явления). Данные концепции обсуждаются в контексте квантовой и статистической физики и квантовой теории твердого тела. Главная цель настоящего анализа состояла в том, чтобы показать связь и взаимоотношение обсуждаемых концепций. При этом были проанализированы сходство и различие, а также пределы применимости изучаемых новых понятий на основе рассмотрения ряда задач микроскопической теории магнетизма и сверхпроводимости и коллективного поведения других сложных систем. Можно утверждать (с известной долей условности), что концепция нарушенной симметрии делает упор на симметрию системы в целом, в то время как концепция квазисредних Н.Н. Боголюбова подчеркивает роль вырождения в системе. Концепция квантового протектората подчеркивает различие в поведении сложных систем при низких и высоких энергиях. Иерархия энергетических шкал в сложных системах позволяет глубже понять возникающие явления и их специфические черты благодаря различию в спектрах возбуждений.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>theoretical physics</kwd><kwd>quantum physics</kwd><kwd>quantum statistical mechanics</kwd><kwd>symmetry</kwd><kwd>broken symmetry</kwd><kwd>Bogoliubov’s quasiaverages</kwd><kwd>quantum protectorate</kwd><kwd>emergence</kwd><kwd>quantum theory of magnetism</kwd><kwd>microscopic theory of superconductivity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теоретическая физика</kwd><kwd>квантовая физика</kwd><kwd>квантовая статистическая физика</kwd><kwd>симметрия</kwd><kwd>нарушенная симметрия</kwd><kwd>квазисредние Н.Н. Боголюбова</kwd><kwd>квантовый протекторат</kwd><kwd>эмергенция (возникающие явления)</kwd><kwd>квантовая теория магнетизма</kwd><kwd>микроскопическая теория сверхпроводимости</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mittelstaedt P. Rational Reconstructions of Modern Physics. — Berlin: Springer, 2011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Wilczek F.J. // Nature. — 2005. — Vol. 433. — P. 239.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Wigner E.P. // Prog. Theor. Phys. — 1954. — Vol. 11. — P. 437.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>van Fraassen B.C. Laws and Symmetry. — Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Gross D.J. // Phys.Today. — 1995. — Vol. No 12. — P. 46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Lederman L.M., Hill C. T. 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