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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">8261</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A Sequential Growth Dynamics for a Directed Acyclic Dyadic Graph</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Динамика последовательного роста для ориентированного ациклического диадического графа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krugly</surname><given-names>A L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглый</surname><given-names>Алексей Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Отдел прикладной математики и информатики</bio><email>akrugly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Science</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт системных исследований РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO1 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№1 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Круглый А.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Круглый А.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/8261">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/8261</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">A model of discrete spacetime on a microscopic level is considered. It is a directed acyclic dyadic graph (an x-graph). The dyadic graph means that each vertex possesses no more than two incident incoming edges and two incident outgoing edges. This model is the particular case of a causal set because the set of vertices of x-graph is a causal set. The sequential growth dynamics is considered. This dynamics is a stochastic sequential additions of new vertices one by one. A new vertex can be connected with existed vertex by an edge only if the existed vertex possesses less than four incident edges. There are four types of such additions. The probabilities of diﬀerent variants of addition of a new vertex depend on the structure of existed x-graph. These probabilities are the functions of the probabilities of random choice of directed paths in the x-graph. The random choice of directed paths is based on the binary alternatives. In each vertex of the directed path we choose one of two possible edges to continue this path. It is proved that such algorithm of the growth is a consequence of a causality principle and some conditions of symmetry and normalization. The probabilities are represented in a matrix form. The iterative procedure to calculate probabilities is considered. Elementary evolution operators is introduced. The second variant to calculate probabilities is based on these elementary evolution operators.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Рассмотрена модель дискретного пространства-времени в микромире. Она представляет собой ориентированный ациклический диадический граф (x-граф). Диадический граф означает, что каждая вершина обладает не больше, чем двумя инцидентными входящими ребрами и двумя инцидентными выходящими ребрами. Эта модель — частный случай причинностного множества, так как множество вершин x-графа — причинностное множество. Рассмотрена динамика последовательного роста. Эта динамика представляет собой стохастическое последовательное добавление новых вершин одна за другой. Новая вершина может быть связана с существовавшей вершиной ребром, только если существовавшая вершина обладает меньше чем четырьмя инцидентными ребрами. Есть четыре типа таких добавлений. Вероятности различных вариантов добавления новой вершины зависят от структуры существовавшего x-графа. Эти вероятности — функции вероятностей случайного выбора ориентированных путей в x-графе. Случайный выбор ориентированных путей основан на бинарных альтернативах. В каждой вершине ориентированного пути мы выбираем одно из двух возможных ребер, чтобы продолжить этот путь. Доказано, что такой алгоритм роста — следствие принципа причинности и некоторых условий симметрии и нормировки. Вероятности представлены в матричной форме. Рассмотрена итерационная процедура вычисления вероятностей. Представлены элементарные операторы эволюции. Второй вариант вычисления вероятностей основан на этих элементарных операторах эволюции.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>causal set</kwd><kwd>random graph</kwd><kwd>directed graph</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>причинностное множество</kwd><kwd>случайный граф</kwd><kwd>ориентированный граф</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Finkelstein D. “Superconducting” Causal Net // International Journal of Theoretical Physics. — 1988. — Vol. 27. — Pp. 473–519.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>’t Hooft G. Quantum Gravity: a Fundamental Problem and Some Radical Ideas // Recent Development in Gravitation, Proceedings of the 1978 Cargese Summer Institute / Ed. by M. Levy, S. 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