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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52921</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2026-34-3-360-368</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RDAZDN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Modeling and Simulation</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Математическое моделирование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Extrapolation of experimental data on thermonuclear reaction cross sections using the global spline method</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экстраполяция экспериментальных данных по сечениям термоядерных реакций методом глобального сплайна</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-9263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate professor of Department of Computational Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</p></bio><email>aa.belov@physics.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9210-4326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Topor</surname><given-names>Oleg I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топор</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student of Faculty of Physics, M.\,V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</p></bio><email>topor.oi15@physics.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0886-8037</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodachev</surname><given-names>Leonid V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородачев</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate professor of Faculty of Physics, M.\,V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</p></bio><email>borodach2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-1065</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domrovskaya</surname><given-names>Zhanna O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домбровская</surname><given-names>Ж. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Assistant professor of Department of Computational Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</p></bio><email>dombrovskaya@physics.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 34, NO3 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 34, №3 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>360</fpage><lpage>368</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-10-19"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Belov A.A., Topor O.I., Borodachev L.V., Domrovskaya Z.O.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Белов А.А., Топор О.И., Бородачев Л.В., Домбровская Ж.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belov A.A., Topor O.I., Borodachev L.V., Domrovskaya Z.O.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белов А.А., Топор О.И., Бородачев Л.В., Домбровская Ж.О.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/52921">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/52921</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background Modeling processes in thermonuclear targets requires reliable data on the cross sections and rates of thermonuclear reactions. The most reliable source of such data is the regression of experimental measurements. However, existing experiments are conducted for colliding particle energies of 2-3 keV and higher, while target ignition calculations require data at energies starting from 0.1 keV. Therefore, the approximating formula must allow extrapolation to lower energies. The physical basis for such extrapolation is Gamow's formula, according to which the reaction S-factor should tend to a constant. However, the formulas for S-factors given in the literature are applicable within the corresponding experimental intervals. The question of the possibility of their downward extrapolation in energy remains open. Purpose In this regard, the aim of this work is to develop a new method for approximating and extrapolating experimental data on thermonuclear reaction cross sections. Method The method proposed in this paper is based on constructing a special type of global spline. Results Four reactions involving hydrogen and helium isotopes traditionally used in thermonuclear target calculations were processed. The resulting approximations are applicable in the energy range of 0.01 keV to 3.3 MeV. Their accuracy is 0.2-1%. Conclusions A comparison of the obtained results with the formulas most commonly used in the literature shows that the accuracy of the proposed method is 2-4 times higher than the world standard.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Предпосылки Для моделирования процессов в термоядерных мишенях требуются достоверные данные по сечениям и скоростям термоядерных реакций. Наиболее надёжным источником таких данных является регрессия экспериментальных измерений. Однако существующие эксперименты проводятся для энергий сталкивающихся частиц 2-3 кэВ и более, в то время как для расчётов зажигания мишеней требуются данные при энергиях от $0{,}1$ кэВ. Поэтому аппроксимирующая формула должна допускать экстраполяцию в сторону меньших энергий. Физическим основанием такой экстраполяции является формула Гамова, согласно которой S-фактор реакции должен стремиться к константе. Однако приведённые в литературе формулы для S-факторов применимы в пределах соответствующих экспериментальных отрезков. Вопрос о возможности их экстраполяции вниз по энергии остается открытым. Цель В связи этим, целью данной работы является разработка нового метода аппроксимации и экстраполяции экспериментальных данных по сечениям термоядерных реакций. Метод Предложенный в данной работе метод основан на построении глобального сплайна специального вида. Результаты Проведена обработка четырёх реакции с участием изотопов водорода и гелия, традиционно используемых в расчетах термоядерных мишеней. Построенные аппроксимации применимы в диапазоне $0{,}01$ кэВ - $3{,}3$ МэВ. Их точность составляет $0{,}2$-$1\%$. Выводы Сравнение полученных результатов с наиболее употребительными в литературе формулами показывает, что точность предложенного метода в 2-4 раза превосходит мировой уровень.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermonuclear reactions</kwd><kwd>cross-sections</kwd><kwd>reactions rates</kwd><kwd>approximations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>термоядерные реакции</kwd><kwd>сечения</kwd><kwd>скорости реакций</kwd><kwd>аппроксимации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>V. Rozanov, “Interaction of laser radiation with a porous medium and formation of a nonequilibrium plasma,” Quantum Electronics, vol. 27, p. 696, 1997.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>V. 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