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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51922</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2026-34-2-201-213</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JDOCAU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Modeling and Simulation</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Математическое моделирование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On quadratic transformations of the Fano plane</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>О квадратичных преобразованиях плоскости Фано</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2167-6177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dulatov</surname><given-names>Ilshat T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дулатов</surname><given-names>И. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Phd Student of Department of Computational Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence of RUDN University</p></bio><email>dulatov-it@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-6603</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6602318510</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-8123-20168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malykh</surname><given-names>Mikhail D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малых</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc., Head of Department of Computational Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence of RUDN University; Senior Researcher of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</p></bio><email>malykh-md@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0280-485X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevastianov</surname><given-names>Anton L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севастьянов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computational Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence of RUDN University</p></bio><email>alsevastyanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-4558</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57193219091</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAH-4011-2019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorin</surname><given-names>Aleksander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зорин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc., Professor of Department of Computational Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence of RUDN University; Senior Researcher of Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</p></bio><email>zorin-av@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Объединённый институт ядерных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 34, NO2 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 34, №2 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>201</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-20"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Dulatov I.T., Malykh M.D., Sevastianov A.L., Zorin A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Дулатов И.Т., Малых М.Д., Севастьянов А.Л., Зорин А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dulatov I.T., Malykh M.D., Sevastianov A.L., Zorin A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дулатов И.Т., Малых М.Д., Севастьянов А.Л., Зорин А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/51922">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/51922</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The importance of studying quadratic Cremona transformations over algebraically non-closed fields for the theory of Kahan difference schemes for dynamical systems with a quadratic right-hand side is discussed. Cremona transformations of the projective plane over a Galois field of size 2, i.e., the Fano plane, are considered. The notation proposed by J. Rosanes is used to describe quadratic Cremona transformations. The relationship between quadratic transformations and matrix pencils is described. Quadratic transformations without singular points are called regular. The Sage system is used to implement procedures that convert a quadratic transformation into a permutation of 7 points of the Fano plane (an element of the symmetric group $S_7$) and a permutation of 7 points of the plane into a quadratic transformation. By enumerating all quadratic transformations, it is proved that regular quadratic transformations generate the entire permutation group of the Fano plane. This theorem is analogous to Noether's theorem over an algebraically non-closed field. It is proved that regular quadratic Cremona transformations have even order, and a description of the corresponding permutations of the group $S_7$ is given. It is shown that a permutation always corresponds to some quadratic Cremona transformation, but this transformation is not always regular. The resulting quadratic transformations can be supplemented by a rule that resolves ambiguities at fundamental points. An example of a quadratic transformation for which such resolution is impossible is given. This leads to a natural classification of quadratic transformations of the Fano plane.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Указано значение исследования квадратичных преобразований Кремоны над алгебраически незамкнутыми полями для теории разностных схем Кагана для динамических систем с квадратичной правой частью. Рассмотрены преобразования Кремоны проективной плоскости над полем Галуа размера 2, то есть плоскости Фано. Для описания квадратичных преобразований Кремоны использована нотация, предложенная Я. Розанесом. Описана связь между квадратичными преобразованиями и матричными пучками. Квадратичные преобразований без особых точек названы регулярными. В системе Sage реализованы процедуры, которые переводят квадратичное преобразование в перестановку 7 точек плоскости Фано (элемент симметрической группы $S_7$) и перестановку 7 точек плоскости в квадратичное преобразование. Перебором всех квадратичных преобразований доказано, что регулярные квадратичные преобразования порождают всю группу перестановок плоскости Фано. Эта теорема является аналогом теоремы Нетера над алгебраически незамкнутым полем. Доказано, что регулярные квадратичные преобразования Кремоны имеют чётный порядок, и дано описание соответствующих им перестановок группы $S_7$. Показано, что перестановке всегда отвечает некоторое квадратичное преобразование Кремоны, но не всегда это преобразование является регулярным. Получающиеся при этом квадратичные преобразования можно дополнить правилом, которое разрешает неоднозначность в фундаментальных точках. Приведён пример квадратичного преобразования, для которого такое разрешение сделать нельзя. Отсюда получена естественная классификация квадратичных преобразований плоскости Фано.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>projective plane</kwd><kwd>Galois fields</kwd><kwd>Cremona transformations</kwd><kwd>birational map</kwd><kwd>Kahan's method</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>проективная плоскость</kwd><kwd>поля Галуа</kwd><kwd>преобразования Кремоны</kwd><kwd>метод Кагана</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>M. Malykh, M. Gambaryan, O. Kroytor, and A. Zorin, “Finite Difference Models of Dynamical Systems with Quadratic Right-Hand Side,” Mathematics, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 167, 2024. 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