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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51131</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JWJLSF</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Physics and Astronomy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Физика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Newton Potential in General Relativity in a Finite Volume</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ньютоновский потенциал в Общей теории относительности в конечном пространстве</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirkhanov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амирханов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbashov</surname><given-names>B. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбашов</surname><given-names>Б. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervushin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первушин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shuvalov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шувалов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinitsky</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виницкий</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchuk</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинчук</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Объединенный институт ядерных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2007-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><issue>1-2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO12 (2007)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№12 (2007)</issue-title><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2007, Amirkhanov I.V., Barbashov B.M., Gusev A.A., Pervushin V.N., Shuvalov S.A., Vinitsky S.I., Zakharov A.F., Zinchuk V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2007, Амирханов И.В., Барбашов Б.М., Гусев А.А., Первушин В.Н., Шувалов С.А., Виницкий С.И., Захаров А.Ф., Зинчук В.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amirkhanov I.V., Barbashov B.M., Gusev A.A., Pervushin V.N., Shuvalov S.A., Vinitsky S.I., Zakharov A.F., Zinchuk V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амирханов И.В., Барбашов Б.М., Гусев А.А., Первушин В.Н., Шувалов С.А., Виницкий С.И., Захаров А.Ф., Зинчук В.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/51131">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/51131</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The Newton potential is calculated in the Hamiltonian approach to general relativity (GR) in finite volume, where coordinate ``time'' is gauge-invariant and therefore can't be considered as a measurable variable of the theory. The evolution (gauge-invariant) parameter under study is identified with a homogenous cosmological scale factor $a(x^0)$, determined by means of averaging logarithm of spatial metric determinant over the scale-invariant Licnerowicz space, whereas respective gauge-invariant energy in GR is determined as a solution of the energy constraint equation in relation to the canonical momentum of the scale factor. In this case, cosmological generalization of the Newton potential, given in a non-homogenous class of functions, is specified.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Ньютоновский потенциал вычисляется в гамильтоновом подходе к Общей теории относительности (ОТО) в конечном пространстве, где координатное время калибровочно-инвариантно и не может рассматриваться как измеряемая величина теории. Наблюдаемый (калибровочно-инвариантный) параметр эволюции отождествляется с однородным космологическим масштабным фактором $a(x^0)$, определенным с помощью усреднения логарифма детерминанта пространственной метрики по масштабно инвариантному пространству Лихнеровича, а соответствующая калибровочно-инвариантная энергия в ОТО определяется как решение уравнения энергетической связи относительно канонического импульса масштабного фактора. В этом случае дается космологическое обобщение ньютоновского потенциала, заданного в  неоднородном классе функций.</trans-abstract></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Einstein A. Die Gru¨ndlange der allgemeinen Relativit¨atstheorie // Ann. d. Phys. - Vol. 49. - 1916. - Pp. 769-826.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Hilbert D. Die Grundlangen der Physik // Nachrichten von der K¨on. Ges. der Wissenschaften zu G¨ottingen, Math.-Phys. 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