Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational ScienceDiscrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational ScienceDiscrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science2658-46702658-7149Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)51129JWJLRLPhysics and AstronomyФизикаResearch ArticleResonant Atom Model and the Formation of Valence BondsРезонансная модель атома и формирование валентных связейMagarshakYu. B.МагаршакЮ. Б.-MathTech IncМатТек Инк151220071-2NO12 (2007)№12 (2007)10011608072026Copyright ©; 2007, Magarshak Y.B.Copyright ©; 2007, Магаршак Ю.Б.2007Magarshak Y.B.Магаршак Ю.Б.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/51129The nature of the valence bond is traditionally attributed to the displacement of electronic orbitals in space between interacting atoms. At the same time, a number of experimental facts, in particular, the existence of four-dimensional structural symmetry between the filling of electron shells and periodical properties of elements require a change in the standard valence concept. A model in which valence bonds are caused by the resonant interaction between the shell electrons of one atom and the protons of another atom seems to be more adequate.Природу валентных связей традиционно объясняют смещением электронных орбиталей в пространстве между взаимодействующими атомами. В то же время ряд экспериментальных фактов, например, существование четырехмерной симметрии между заполнением электронных оболочек и периодическими свойствами химических элементов, требует пересмотра стандартной концепции валентности. Модель, в которой валентные связи вызываются резонансным взаимодействием между электронной оболочкой одного атома и протонами другого атома, представляется более адекватной.1.Pauling L. The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals: An Introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry. - Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1939.2.Levine I. N. Quantum Chemistry. - 5th ed. edition. - Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 2000.3.Pauling L. The Nature of the Chemical Bond // J. Am. Chem. Soc. - Vol. 53. - 1931. - Pp. 1367-1400.4.Mendeleev D. On the Relationship of the Properties of the Elements to Their Atomic Weights // Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va. - Vol. 1. - 1869. - Pp. 60-77.5.Mendeleev D. On the Relationship of the Properties of the Elements to Their Atomic Weights // Z. Chem. - Vol. 12. - 1869. - Pp. 405-406.6.Magarshak Y., Malinsky J. A Three-Dimensional Periodic Table // Nature. - Vol. 360. - 1992. - Pp. 114-115.7.Magarshak Y. Four-Dimensional Pyramidal Structure of the Periodic Properties of Atoms and Chemical Elements // Sci. Isr. Technol. Adv. - Vol. 7, No 1, 2. - 2006. - Pp. 134-150.8.Bogomolov F., Magarshak Y. On Commuting Operators Related to Asymptotic Symmetries in the Atomic Theory // Sci. Isr. Technol. Adv. - Vol. 7, No 3. - 2006.9.Pauling L. The Shared-Electron Chemical Bond // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. - Vol. 14. - 1928. - Pp. 359-362.10.Mandelshtam L. I., Tamm I. E. The Uncertainty Relation between Energy and Time in Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics // Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. - Vol. 9. - 1945. - Pp. 122-128.11.Landau L. D., Lifshitz E. M. Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics. - Moscow: Nauka, 1974.12.Heitler W., London F. Wechselwirkung neutraler Atome und homopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik (Interaction Between Neutral Atoms and Homopolar Binging According to Quantum Mechanics) // Z. Phys. - Vol. 44. - 1927. - Pp. 455-472.13.London F. Probleme der Modernen Physik / Ed. by S. Herzel. - Leipzig: Sommerfeld Festschrift, 1928. - Pp. 104-113.14.Polanyi M., Wigner E. // Z. Phys. Chem. A. - Vol. 139. - 1928. - P. 439.15.Eyring H., Polanyi M. On Simple Gas Reactions // Z. Phys. Chem. B. - Vol. 12. - 1931. - P. 279.16.van’t Hoff J. H. Etudes de Dynamiques Chimiques. - Amsterdam: F. Muller and Co., 1884. - P. 114.17.Arrhenius S. On Simple Gas Reactions // Z. Phys. Chem. - Vol. 4. - 1889. - P. 226.18.Slater J. C. Directed Valence in Polyatomic Molecules // Phys. Rev. - Vol. 37. - 1931. - P. 481.19.Hund F. Linienspektren und Periodisches System der Elemente. - Berlin: Springer, 1927.20.Hund F. // Z. Phys. - Vol. 52. - 1929. - P. 606.21.Mulliken R. S. // Rev. Mod. Phys. - Vol. 2. - 1930. - Pp. 99-100.22.Mulliken R. S. // Phys. Rev. - Vol. 33. - 1929. - P. 507.23.Mulliken R. S. // Phys. Rev. - Vol. 30. - 1927. - P. 138.24.Mulliken R. S. // Phys. Rev. - Vol. 33. - 1929. - P. 738.25.Mulliken R. S. // Phys. Rev. - Vol. 36. - 1930. - P. 1449.26.Hund F. // Z. Phys. - Vol. 63. - 1930. - Pp. 719-751.27.The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics / Ed. by A. H. Zewail. - Boston: Academic, 1992.28.Zewail A. H. Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical Bond // J. Phys. Chem. A. - Vol. 104. - 2000. - Pp. 5660-5694.29.Femtochemistry and Femtobiology: Ultrafast Events in Molecular Science / Ed. by M. M. Martin, J. T. Hynes. - New York: Elsevier, 2002.30.Sinai Y. G. Dynamical Systems with Elastic Reflections. Ergodic Properties of Dispersing Billiards // Russ. Math. Surveys. - Vol. 25, No 2. - 1970. - Pp. 137- 189.31.Bunimovich L. A., Sinai Y. G. On a Fundamental Theorem in the Theory of Dispersing Billiards // Math. USSR, Sb.19. - Vol. 3. - 1973. - Pp. 407-423.