<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49989</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2026-34-1-40-54</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VEJQIO</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Modeling and Simulation</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Математическое моделирование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Derivative-free iterations in $R^n$ with point-wise operations for solving systems of nonlinear equations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Итерации без производных в $R^n$ с поточечными операциями для решения систем нелинейных уравнений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0743-5587</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">24484328800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhanlav</surname><given-names>Tugal</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жанлав</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician, Professor, Doctor of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics</p></bio><email>tzhanlav@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1635-7971</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57209734799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Otgondorj</surname><given-names>Khuder</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отгондорж</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of Department of Mathematics at School of Applied Sciences</p></bio><email>otgondorj@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-0755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulziibayar</surname><given-names>Vandandoo</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улзийбаяр</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of Department of Mathematics at School of Applied Sciences</p></bio><email>v_ulzii@must.edu.mn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-5502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Enkhbayar</surname><given-names>Khangai</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Энхбаяр</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer of Department of Mathematics at School of Applied Sciences</p></bio><email>eegii33@must.edu.mn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Mathematics and Digital Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт математики и цифровой технологии, Монгольская академия наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mongolian University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Монгольский государственный университет науки и технологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mongolian University of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Монгольский Государственный Университет Науки и Технологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vol 34, No 1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 34, № 1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-29"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Zhanlav T., Otgondorj K., Ulziibayar V., Enkhbayar K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Жанлав Т., Отгондорж Х., Улзийбаяр В., Энхбаяр Х.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhanlav T., Otgondorj K., Ulziibayar V., Enkhbayar K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жанлав Т., Отгондорж Х., Улзийбаяр В., Энхбаяр Х.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/49989">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/49989</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, we develop a new family of high-order derivative-free iterative methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations. Specifically, we propose four two-step derivative-free schemes with convergence orders four and five, together with twelve three-step derivative-free schemes achieving convergence orders six, seven, and eight. The main specific of these iterations is that they include a vector or even a scalar iteration parameter instead of the matrix parameter inherent to other existing iterative methods. This structural simplification significantly reduces computational cost, storage requirements, and matrix operations, thereby improving overall computational efficiency. A convergence analysis is presented, establishing the theoretical order of convergence of the proposed methods. The efficiency indices of the proposed schemes are derived and compared with those of several well-known derivative-free iterative methods. The numerical experiments on standard academic problems confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate that the proposed methods are competitive and, in many cases, superior in terms of efficiency and robustness.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной работе мы разрабатываем новое семейство итерационных методов высокого порядка без использования производных для решения систем нелинейных уравнений. В частности, мы предлагаем четыре двухшаговые схемы без использования производных с порядками сходимости четыре и пять, а также двенадцать трёхшаговых схем без использования производных, достигающих порядков сходимости шесть, семь и восемь. Главная особенность этих итераций заключается в том, что они включают векторный или даже скалярный параметр итерации вместо матричного параметра, присущего другим существующим итерационным методам. Это структурное упрощение значительно снижает вычислительные затраты, требования к хранению данных и матричные операции, тем самым повышая общую вычислительную эффективность. Представлен анализ сходимости, устанавливающий теоретический порядок сходимости предлагаемых методов. Выведены показатели эффективности предложенных схем и проведено их сравнение с показателями нескольких известных итерационных методов без использования производных. Численные эксперименты на стандартных академических задачах подтверждают теоретические результаты и демонстрируют, что предложенные методы являются конкурентоспособными и во многих случаях превосходят другие методы с точки зрения эффективности и устойчивости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nonlinear systems</kwd><kwd>derivative-free iterations</kwd><kwd>efficiency index</kwd><kwd>order of convergence</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нелинейные системы</kwd><kwd>итерации без производных</kwd><kwd>индекс эффективности</kwd><kwd>порядок сходимости</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cordero, A., Rojas-Hiciano, R. V., Torregrosa, J. R. &amp; Vassileva, M. P. A highly efficient class of optimal fourth-order methods for solving nonlinear systems. Numerical Algorithms 95, 1879– 1904. doi:10.1007/s11075-023-01631-9 (2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Changbum, C. &amp; Neta, B. Three-step iterative methods for numerical solution of systems of nonlinear equations. Engineering with Computers 38, 1015–1028. doi:10.1007/s00366-020-01072-1 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Erfanifar, R., Hajarian, M. &amp; Sayevand, K. A family of iterative methods to solve nonlinear problems with applications in fractional differential equations. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 47, 1–21. doi:10.1002/mma.9736 (2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Singh, H., Sharma, J. R. &amp; Kumar, S. A simple yet efficient two-step fifth-order weighted-Newton method for nonlinear models. Numerical Algorithms 93, 203–225. doi:10.1007/s11075-022-01412-w (2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Su, Q. A unified model for solving a system of nonlinear equations. Applied Mathematics and Computation 290, 46–55. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2016.05.047 (2016).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T. &amp; Otgondorj, K. Development and adaptation of higher-order iterative methods in 𝑅𝑛 with specific rules. Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 32, 425– 444. doi:10.22363/2658-4670-2024-32-4-425-444 (2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T. &amp; Chuluunbaatar, O. New development of Newton-type iterations for solving nonlinear problems 281 pp. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-63361-4 (Switzerland, Springer Nature, 2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T., Chuluunbaatar, O. &amp; Ulziibayar, V. Necessary and sufficient conditions for two and three-point iterative method of Newton’s type iterations. Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics 57. doi:10.1134/S0965542517070120 (2017).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T., Chuluunbaatar, O. &amp; Ulziibayar, V. Generating functionsmethod for construction new iterations. Applied Mathematics and Computation 315. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2017.07.078 (2017).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T., Mijiddorj, R. &amp; Otgondorj, K. A family of Newton-type methods with seventh and eighth-order of convergence for solving systems of nonlinear equations. Applied Mathematics and Computation 54. doi:10.15672/hujms.1061471 (2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T., Otgondorj, K., Saruul, L. &amp; Mijiddorj, R. A unified approach to the construction of higher–order derivative–free iterative methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations. Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 64. doi:10.5564/pmas.v64i02.3649 (2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T. &amp; Otgondorj, K. Optimal eight-order three-step iterative methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations. Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 33. doi:10.22363/2658-4670-2025-33-4-389-403 (2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Cordero, A., Rojas-Hiciano, R. V., Torregrosa, J. R. &amp; Triguero-Navarro, P. Efficient parametric family of fourth-order Jacobian free iterative vectorial schemes. Numerical Algorithms 97, 2011– 2029. doi:10.1007/s11075-024-01776-1 (2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T. &amp; Otgondorj, K. High efficient iterative methods with scalar parameter coefficients for systems of nonlinear equations. Journal of Mathematical Sciences 279, 866–875. doi:10.1007/ s10958-024-07066-4 (2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Cordero, A., Rojas-Hiciano, R. V., Torregrosa, J. R. &amp; Triguero-Navarro, P. Efficient parametric family of fourth-order Jacobian-free iterative vectorial schemes. Numerical Algorithms 97. doi:.1007/s11075-024-01776-1 (2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Ortega, J. M. &amp; Rheinboldt, W. C. Iterative Solution of Nonlinear Equations in Several Variables 572 pp. (Academic Press, New York, 1970).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kung, H. T. &amp; Traub, J. F. Optimal order of one-point and multipoint iteration. Association for Computing Machinery 21, 643–651. doi:10.1145/321850.321860 (1973).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Sharma, J. R. &amp; Arora, H. Efficient higher order derivative-free multipoint methods with and without memory for systems of nonlinear equations. International Journal of Computer Mathematics 95, 920–938. doi:10.1080/00207160.2017.1298747 (2018).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Narang, M., Bhatia, S. &amp; Kanwar,V. New efficient derivative free family of seventh-order methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations. NumericalAlgorithms 76, 283–307. doi:10.1007/s11075016-0254-0 (2017).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ahmad, F., Soleymani, F., Khaksar Haghani, F. &amp; Serra-Capizzano, S. Higher order derivativefree iterative methods with and without memory for systems of nonlinear equations. Applied Mathematics and Computation 314, 199–211. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2017.07.012 (2017).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Zhanlav, T., Chun, C., Otgondorj, K. &amp; Ulziibayar, V. High-order iterations for systems of nonlinear equations. International Journal of Computer Mathematics 97, 1704–1724. doi:10.1080/ 00207160.2019.1652739 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
