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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49988</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2026-34-1-24-39</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VCZSIW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Computer Science</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Информатика и вычислительная техника</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The waiting time extremal index in GI/G/1 system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экстремальный индекс времени ожидания в системе GI/G/1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-2425</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57190062292</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-4375-2015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Peshkova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пешкова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Senior researcher, SMITS Lab, Institute of Applied Mathematical Research of the Karelian Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; head of the Applied Mathematics and Cybernetics department, Petrozavodsk State University </p></bio><email>iaminova@petrsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrozavodsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Петрозаводский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Applied Mathematical Research of the KarRC RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт прикладных математических исследований КарНЦ РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vol 34, No 1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 34, № 1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-29"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Peshkova I.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Пешкова И.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Peshkova I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пешкова И.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/49988">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/49988</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper the conditions to compare the extremal index of the stationary waiting time in the $M/G/1$ and $GI/M/1$ systems are obtained. These conditions include exponential asymptotic behaviour of waiting time tail and the order in failure rates for the interarrival intervals and for the service times in the systems to be compared. For $M/G/1$ system the obtained result is extended to the mixed service times with ordered components. If, in a $GI/G/1$ system, the service time is determined by a finite mixture whose dominant component of the equilibrium distribution belongs to the class of subexponential distributions then the tail of the limiting distribution of the stationary waiting time is equivalent to the tail of this distribution up to a constant obtained explicitly. Furthermore, the limiting distribution of the maximum of the stationary waiting time belongs to the maximum domain of attraction of the distribution of extreme values of the same type as the maximum of the random variables defined by the dominant component.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной работе получены условия сравнения экстремального индекса стационарного времени ожидания в системах $M/G/1$ и $GI/M/1$. Эти условия включают экспоненциальное асимптотическое поведение хвоста времени ожидания и порядок по интенсивности отказов для интервалов между приходами заявок и для времени обслуживания в сравниваемых системах. Для системы $M/G/1$ полученный результат распространяется на смешанные времена обслуживания с упорядоченными компонентами. Если в системе $GI/G/1$ время обслуживания определяется конечной смесью, доминирующая компонента равновесного распределения которой принадлежит классу субэкспоненциальных распределений, то хвост предельного распределения стационарного времени ожидания эквивалентен хвосту этого распределения с точностью до константы, вычисленной в явном виде. Кроме того, предельное распределение максимума стационарного времени ожидания принадлежит области максимального притяжения распределения экстремальных значений того же типа, что и максимум случайных величин, определяемых доминирующей компонентой.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extremal index</kwd><kwd>queueing system</kwd><kwd>order in failure rate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстремальный индекс</kwd><kwd>система обслуживания</kwd><kwd>упорядоченность по интенсивности отказа</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Leadbetter, M., Lindgren, G. &amp; H., R. Extremes and Related Properties of Random Sequences and Processe (Springer Series in Statistics, 1983).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Resnick, S. I. 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