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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49987</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2026-34-1-12-23</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">URRPMT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Computer Science</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Информатика и вычислительная техника</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Usage of polynomial representation of numbers for approximate homomorphic encryption</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Использование представления чисел в виде многочленов для реализации скрытых приближённых вычислений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1162-2020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krouk</surname><given-names>Andrey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крук</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor</p></bio><email>svinenka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Vol 34, No 1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 34, № 1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-29"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Krouk A.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Крук А.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krouk A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крук А.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/49987">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/49987</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>\emph {Introduction} In the modern world of computers and networks the idea of expanding of personal computer resources with the help of cloud storages and computation looks more and more lucrative. However, usage of these resources may endanger data being processed. In last twenty years several algorithms of homomorphic encryption were developed allowing solving of this problem among other applications. However such algorithms are usually constructed as public key systems for long term storage and processing of data. In this article two algorithms of homomorphic encryption optimized for single data processing are proposed. \emph {Purpose} The target of research is development of data coding system which allows safe data processing in public clouds. \emph {Results} Two homomorphic coding systems had been developed, first is based on representation of numbers in the form of polynomials, second based on further representation of polynomials in the form of sets of values. Developed systems allow approximate calculations of coded data without decryption allowing processing of real numbers. System has high level of protection and provides high precision of calculations, comparable with standard personal computer calculation precision. Structure of coded data allows parallel computing. Proposed system allows safe data processing in public networks. Question of finding of optimal parameters for the system stands open both for high precision calculation of limited sets of operations and repeatedly good precision for big sets of operations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>\emph {Введение} В современном мире компьютеров и сетей всё более привлекательной выглядит возможность расширения ресурсов персонального компьютера за счет облачных хранилищ и вычислений, однако, использование таких ресурсов может поставить под угрозу безопасность обрабатываемых данных. В последние двадцать лет появилось множество алгоритмов гомоморфного шифрования, позволяющих в частности решить эту задачу. Однако эти алгоритмы проектируются в основном как системы с открытым ключом, предназначенные для долгосрочного хранения и обработки данных. В данной статье предлагается два алгоритма гомоморфного шифрования, оптимизированных для однократной обработки данных. \emph {Цель} Целью работы является разработка системы кодирования информации, позволяющей проводить безопасную обработку данных в публичных облаках. \emph {Результаты} Разработаны две системы скрытых вычислений: первая, основанная на представлении чисел в виде многочленов и вторая, основанная на дальнейшем представлении многочленов в виде набора значений. Разработанные системы позволяют проводить приближённые вычисления над зашифрованными данными без их расшифровки, что позволяет проводить обработку вещественных чисел. Система отличается высоким уровнем защиты и обеспечивает высокую точность вычислений, сравнимую с точностью обеспечиваемой стандартными вычислениями компьютера. Структура зашифрованных данных позволяет проведение параллельных вычислений. Предложенная система позволяет безопасную обработку данных в публичных облачных сетях. Остаётся открытым вопрос оптимальных параметров системы защиты информации, обеспечивающих более высокую точность для ограниченного набора операций, либо постоянную точность для больших наборов операций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>homomorphic encryption</kwd><kwd>cloud calculations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>облачные вычисления</kwd><kwd>гомоморфное шифрование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rivest, R. L., Adleman, L. &amp; Dertouzos, M. L. On Data Banks and Privacy Homomorphisms in Foundations of Secure Computation (1978).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Marcolla, C., Sucasas, V., Manzano, M., Bassoli, R., Fitzek, F. H. P. &amp; Aaraj, N. 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