<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46738</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2025-33-3-284-298</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HHCVPK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Modeling and Simulation</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Математическое моделирование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Using NeuralPDE.jl to solve differential equations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение NeuralPDE.jl для решения дифференциальных уравнений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0072-0453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belicheva</surname><given-names>Daria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беличева</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master student of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>dari.belicheva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2255-4025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master student of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>eademid@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-4326</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GLS-1445-2022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtepa</surname><given-names>Kristina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штепа</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistent Professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>shtepa-ka@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-4895</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57190004380</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">E-9214-2016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gevorkyan</surname><given-names>Migran N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геворкян</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>gevorkyan-mn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-7610</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">36968057600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-3191-2013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolkova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королькова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>korolkova-av@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-7063</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35194130800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-3183-2013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulyabov</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулябов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security of RUDN University; Senior Researcher of Laboratory of Information Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</p></bio><email>kulyabov-ds@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Объединённый институт ядерных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 33, NO3 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 33, №3 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>284</fpage><lpage>298</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-28"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Belicheva D.M., Demidova E.A., Shtepa K.A., Gevorkyan M.N., Korolkova A.V., Kulyabov D.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Беличева Д.М., Демидова Е.А., Штепа К.А., Геворкян М.Н., Королькова А.В., Кулябов Д.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belicheva D.M., Demidova E.A., Shtepa K.A., Gevorkyan M.N., Korolkova A.V., Kulyabov D.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беличева Д.М., Демидова Е.А., Штепа К.А., Геворкян М.Н., Королькова А.В., Кулябов Д.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/46738">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/46738</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper describes the application of physics-informed neural network (PINN) for solving partial derivative equations. Physics Informed Neural Network is a type of deep learning that takes into account physical laws to solve physical equations more efficiently compared to classical methods. The solution of partial derivative equations (PDEs) is of most interest, since numerical methods and classical deep learning methods are inefficient and too difficult to tune in cases when the complex physics of the process needs to be taken into account. The advantage of PINN is that it minimizes a loss function during training, which takes into account the constraints of the system and th e laws of the domain. In this paper, we consider the solution of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and PDEs using PINN, and then compare the efficiency and accuracy of this solution method compared to classical methods. The solution is implemented in the Julia programming language. We use NeuralPDE.jl, a package containing methods for solving equations in partial derivatives using physics-based neural networks. The classical method for solving PDEs is implemented through the DifferentialEquations.jl library. As a result, a comparative analysis of the considered solution methods for ODEs and PDEs has been performed, and an evaluation of their performance and accuracy has been obtained. In this paper we have demonstrated the basic capabilities of the NeuralPDE.jl package and its efficiency in comparison with numerical methods.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Работа описывает применение Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) для решения уравнений в частных производных. Physics Informed Neural Network - это вид глубокого обучения, который учитывает физические законы для более эффективного решения физических уравнений по сравнению с классическими методам. Наибольший интерес представляет решение уравнений в частных производных (УЧП), так как численные методы и классические методы глубокого обучения не эффективны и слишком сложно настраиваемы в случаях, когда необходимо учесть сложную физику процесса. Преимуществом PINN является то, что при обучении она минимизирует функцию потерь, которая учитывает ограничения системы и законы предметной области. В работе мы рассматриваем решение обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений (ОДУ) и УЧП с помощью PINN, а затем сравниваем эффективность и точность этого метода решения по сравнению с классическими. Решение реализовано на языке программирования Julia. Мы используем NeuralPDE.jl - пакет, содержащий методы решения уравнений в частных производный с помощью нейронных сетей, основанных на физике. Классический метод решения УЧП реализован посредством библиотеки DifferentialEquations.jl. В результате был проведен сравнительный анализ рассматриваемых методов решения для ОДУ и УЧП, а также получена оценка их производительности и точности. В этой статье мы продемонстрировали базовые возможности пакета NeuralPDE.jl и его эффективность по сравнению с численными методами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>physics-informed neural networks</kwd><kwd>numerical methods</kwd><kwd>differential equations</kwd><kwd>Julia programming language</kwd><kwd>NeuralPDE</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейронные сети на основе физики</kwd><kwd>численные методы</kwd><kwd>дифференциальные уравнения</kwd><kwd>язык программирования Julia</kwd><kwd>пакет NeuralPDE.jl</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This paper has been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">This paper has been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zubov, K. et al. NeuralPDE: Automating Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) with Error Approximations 2021. doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2107.09443.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Engheim, E. Julia as a Second Language 400 pp. (Manning Publications, 2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Engheim, E. Julia for Beginners. From Romans to Rockets 472 pp. (Leanpub, 2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Raissi, M., Perdikaris, P. &amp; Karniadakis, G. Physics-informed neural networks: A deep learning framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving nonlinear partial differential equations. Journal of Computational Physics. J. Comput. Phys. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2018.10.045 (2018).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Hornik, K. Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks. Neural networks 4, 251-257 (1991).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Zubov, K. et al. NeuralPDE: Automating Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) with Error Approximations. doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2107.09443 (2021).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>SciML Open Source Scientific Machine Learning https://github.com/SciML.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Bararnia, H. &amp; Esmaeilpour, M. On the application of physics informed neural networks (PINN) to solve boundary layer thermal-fluid problems. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 132, 105890. doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.105890 (2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>SciML Open Source Scientific Machine Learning https://github.com/SciML/NeuralPDE.jl.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Flux The Elegant Machine Learning Stack https://fluxml.ai/.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>LuxDL DocsElegant and Performant Deep Learning in JuliaLang https://lux.csail.mit.edu/stable/.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Ma, Y., Gowda, S., Anantharaman, R., Laughman, C., Shah, V. &amp; Rackauckas, C. ModelingToolkit: A Composable Graph Transformation System For Equation-Based Modeling 2021. arXiv: 2103.05244 [cs.MS].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Gowda, S., Ma, Y., Cheli, A., Gwóźzdź, M., Shah, V. B., Edelman, A. &amp; Rackauckas, C. HighPerformance Symbolic-Numerics via Multiple Dispatch. ACM Commun. Comput. Algebra 55, 92-96. doi:10.1145/3511528.3511535 (Jan. 2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Volterra, V. Leçons sur la Théorie mathématique de la lutte pour la vie (Gauthiers-Villars, Paris, 1931).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Demidova, E. A., Belicheva, D. M., Shutenko, V. M., Korolkova, A. V. &amp; Kulyabov, D. S. Symbolicnumeric approach for the investigation of kinetic models. Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 32, 306-318. doi:10.22363/2658-4670-2024-32-3-306-318 (2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Rackauckas, C. &amp; Nie, Q. DifferentialEquations.jl - A Performant and Feature-Rich Ecosystem for Solving Differential Equations in Julia. Journal of Open Research Software 5, 15-25. doi:10. 5334/jors.151 (2017).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Bruns, H. Das Eikonal in Abhandlungen der Königlich-Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1895).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Klein, F. C. Über das Brunssche Eikonal. Zeitscrift für Mathematik und Physik 46, 372-375 (1901).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Fedorov, A. V., Stepa, C. A., Korolkova, A. V., Gevorkyan, M. N. &amp; Kulyabov, D. S. Methodological derivation of the eikonal equation. Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 31, 399-418. doi:10.22363/2658-4670-2023-31-4-399-418 (Dec. 2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Stepa, C. A., Fedorov, A. V., Gevorkyan, M. N., Korolkova, A. V. &amp; Kulyabov, D. S. Solving the eikonal equation by the FSM method in Julia language. Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 32, 48-60. doi:10.22363/2658-4670-2024-32-1-48-60 (2024).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Kulyabov, D. S., Korolkova, A. V., Sevastianov, L. A., Gevorkyan, M. N. &amp; Demidova, A. V. Algorithm for Lens Calculations in the Geometrized Maxwell Theory in Saratov Fall Meeting 2017: Laser Physics and Photonics XVIII; and Computational Biophysics and Analysis of Biomedical Data IV (eds Derbov, V. L. &amp; Postnov, D. E.) 10717 (SPIE, Saratov, Apr. 2018), 107170Y.1-6. doi:10.1117/12.2315066. arXiv: 1806.01643.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
