<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">40100</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2024-32-1-61-73</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GZIFWL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Computer research of deterministic and stochastic models “two competitors-two migration areas” taking into account the variability of parameters</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Компьютерное исследование детерминированных и стохастических моделей «два конкурента-два ареала миграции» с учетом вариативности параметров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4120-2595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Irina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant professor of Department of Mathematical Modeling, Computer Technologies and Information Security</p></bio><email>irinavsl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-9650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Assistant professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>demidova-av@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-9730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druzhinina</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дружинина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Chief Researche</p></bio><email>ovdruzh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-7217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Masina</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масина</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor of Department of Mathematical Modeling, Computer Technologies and Information Security</p></bio><email>olga121@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bunin Yelets State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Елецкий государственный университет им. И.А. Бунина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 32, NO1 (2024)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 32, №1 (2024)</issue-title><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-19"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Vasilyeva I.I., Demidova A.V., Druzhinina O.V., Masina O.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Васильева И.И., Демидова А.В., Дружинина О.В., Масина О.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva I.I., Demidova A.V., Druzhinina O.V., Masina O.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева И.И., Демидова А.В., Дружинина О.В., Масина О.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/40100">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/40100</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Theanalysisoftrajectorydynamicsandthesolutionofoptimizationproblemsusingcomputermethods are relevant areas of research in dynamic population-migration models. In this paper, four-dimensional dynamic models describing the processes of competition and migration in ecosystems are studied. Firstly, we consider a modification of the “two competitors-two migration areas” model, which takes into account uniform intraspecific and interspecific competition in two populations as well as non-uniform bidirectional migration in both populations. Secondly, we consider a modification of the “two competitors-two migration areas” model, in which intraspecific competition is uniform and interspecific competition and bidirectional migration are non-uniform. For these two types of models, the study is carried out taking into account the variability of parameters. The problems of searching for model parameters based on the implementation of two optimality criteria are solved. The first criterion of optimality is associated with the fulfillment of such a condition for the coexistence of populations, which in mathematical form is the integral maximization of the functions product characterizing the populations densities. The second criterion of optimality involves checking the assumption of the such a four-dimensional positive vector existence, which will be a state of equilibrium. The algorithms developed on the basis of the first and second optimality criteria using the differential evolution method result in optimal sets of parameters for the studied population-migration models. The obtained sets of parameters are used to find positive equilibrium states and analyze trajectory dynamics. Using the method of constructing self-consistent one-step models and an automated stochastization procedure, the transition to the stochastic case is performed. The structural description and the possibility of analyzing two types of populationmigration stochastic models are provided by obtaining Fokker-Planck equations and Langevin equations with corresponding coefficients. Algorithms for generating trajectories of the Wiener process, multipoint distributions and modifications of the Runge-Kutta method are used. A series of computational experiments is carried out using a specialized software package whose capabilities allow for the construction and analysis of dynamic models of high dimension, taking into account the evaluation of the stochastics influence. The trajectory dynamics of two types of population-migration models are investigated, and a comparative analysis of the results is carried out both in the deterministic and stochastic cases. The results can be used in the modeling and optimization of dynamic models in natural science.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анализ траекторной динамики и решение задач оптимизации с применением компьютерных методов относится к актуальным направлениям исследования динамических популяционномиграционных моделей. В настоящей работе изучаются четырехмерные динамические модели, описывающие процессы конкуренции и миграции в экосистемах. Во-первых, мы рассматриваем модификацию модели «два конкурента - два ареала миграции», в которой учитывается равномерная внутривидовая и межвидовая конкуренция в двух популяциях, а также неравномерная двунаправленная миграция обеих популяций. Во-вторых, мы рассматриваем модификацию модели «два конкурента - два ареала миграции», в которой внутривидовая конкуренция является равномерной, а межвидовая конкуренция и двунаправленная миграция являются неравномерными. Для указанных двух типов моделейисследованиепроводитсясучетомвариативностипараметров.Решенызадачипоискамодельных параметров на основе реализации двух критериев оптимальности. Первый критерий оптимальности связан с выполнением такого условия сосуществования популяций, которое в математической форме представляет собой максимизацию интеграла от произведения функций, характеризующих плотности популяций. Второй критерий оптимальности включает в себя проверку предположения о существовании такого четырехмерного положительного вектора, который будет являться состоянием равновесия. Результатом работы алгоритмов, разработанных на основе первого и второго критериев оптимальности с применением метода дифференциальной эволюции, являются оптимальные наборы параметров изучаемых популяционно-миграционных моделей. Полученные наборы параметров используются для нахождения положительных состояний равновесия и для анализа траекторной динамики. С помощью метода построения самосогласованных одношаговых моделей и автоматизированной процедуры стохастизации выполнен переход к стохастическому случаю. Структурное описание и возможность анализа двух типов популяционно-миграционных стохастических моделей обеспечиваются получением уравнений Фоккера-Планка и уравнений в форме Ланжевена с соответствующими коэффициентами. Использованы алгоритмы генерирования траекторий винеровского процесса и многоточечных распределений и модификации метода Рунге-Кутты. Проведена серия вычислительных экспериментов с применением специализированного программного комплекса, возможности которого позволяют выполнять построение и анализ динамических моделей высокой размерности с учетом оценки влияния стохастики. Исследована траекторная динамика двух типов популяционно-миграционных моделей и выполнен сравнительный анализ результатов как в детерминированном, так и в стохастическом случае. Результаты могут найти применение в задачах моделирования и оптимизации динамических моделей естествознания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>one-step processes</kwd><kwd>population dynamics models</kwd><kwd>stochastic differential equations</kwd><kwd>optimality criteria</kwd><kwd>differential evolution</kwd><kwd>stochastization</kwd><kwd>trajectory dynamics</kwd><kwd>computer modeling</kwd><kwd>software package</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>одношаговые процессы</kwd><kwd>модели динамики популяций</kwd><kwd>стохастические дифференциальные уравнения</kwd><kwd>критерии оптимальности</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная эволюция</kwd><kwd>стохастизация</kwd><kwd>траекторная динамика</kwd><kwd>компьютерное моделирование</kwd><kwd>программный комплекс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lotka, A. J. Elements of Physical Biology (Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, USA, 1925).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Volterra, V. Fluctuations in the abundance of a species considered mathematically. Nature, 558-560. doi:10.1038/118558a0 (1926).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Bazykin, A. D. Nonlinear Dynamics of Interacting Populations Russian. [in Russian] (Institute of Computer Research, Moscow-Izhevsk, 2003).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Pykh, Y. A. Generalized Lotka-Volterra Systems: Theory and Applications Russian. [in Russian] (SPbGIPSR, St. Petersburg, 2017).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Li, A. Mathematical Modelling of Ecological Systems in Patchy Environments in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (2021), 8059.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Hsu, S. B., Ruan, S. &amp; Yang, T. H. Analysis of three species Lotka-Volterra food web models with omnivory. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 426, 659-687. doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.01.035 (2015).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Shestakov, A. A. Generalized Direct Method for Systems with Distributed Parameters Russian. [in Russian] (URSS, Moscow, 2007).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Moskalenko, A. I. Methods of Nonlinear Mappings in Optimal Control. Theory and Applications to Models of Natural Systems Russian. [in Russian] (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1983).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou, Q. Modelling Walleye Population and Its Cannibalism Effect in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (2017), 4809.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Sadykov, A. &amp; Farnsworth, K. D. Model of two competing populations in two habitats with migration: Application to optimal marine protected area size. Theoretical Population Biology 142, 114-122. doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2021.10.002 (2021).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Chen, S., Shi, J., Shuai, Z. &amp; Wu, Y. Global dynamics of a Lotka-Volterra competition patch model. Nonlinearity 35, 817. doi:10.1088/1361-6544/ac3c2e (2021).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Demidova, A. V. Equations of Population Dynamics in the Form ofStochastic Differential Equations. Russian. RUDN Journal of Mathematics, Information Sciences and Physics 1. [in Russian], 67-76 (2013).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Gevorkyan, M. N., Velieva, T. R., Korolkova, A. V., Kulyabov, D. S. &amp; Sevastyanov, L. A. Stochastic Runge-Kutta Software Package for Stochastic Differential Equations in Dependability Engineering and Complex Systems (eds Zamojski, W., Mazurkiewicz, J., Sugier, J., Walkowiak, T. &amp; Kacprzyk, J.) (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016), 169-179. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39639-2_15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Korolkova, A. &amp; Kulyabov, D. One-step Stochastization Methods for Open Systems. EPJ Web of Conferences 226, 02014. doi:10.1051/epjconf/202022602014 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Gardiner, C. W. Handbook of Stochastic Methods: For Physics, Chemistry and the Natural Sciences (Springer, Heidelberg, 1985).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Van Kampen, N. G. Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Demidova, A. V., Druzhinina, O. V., Masina, O. N. &amp; Petrov, A. A. Synthesis and Computer Study of Population Dynamics Controlled Models Using Methods of Numerical Optimization, Stochastization and Machine Learning. Mathematics 9, 3303. doi:10.3390/math9243303 (2021).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Vasilyeva, I. I., Demidova, A.V., Druzhinina, O.V. &amp; Masina, O. N. Construction, stochastization and computer study of dynamic population models “two competitors - two migration areas”. Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 31, 27-45. doi:10.22363/2658-4670-2023-31-1-27-45 (2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Sullivan, E. Numerical Methods - An Inquiry-Based Approach with Python 2021.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Demidova, A. V., Druzhinina, O. V., Masina, O. N. &amp; Petrov, A. A. Development of Algorithms and Software for Modeling Controlled Dynamic Systems Using Symbolic Computations and Stochastic Methods. Programming and Computer Software 49, 108-121. doi:10.1134/S036176882302007X (2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Storn, R. &amp; Price, K. Differential Evolution: A Simple and Efficient Adaptive Scheme for Global Optimization Over Continuous Spaces. Journal of Global Optimization 23 (1995).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Das, S. &amp; Suganthan, P. N. Differential Evolution: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 15, 4-31. doi:10.1109/TEVC.2010.2059031 (2011).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Eltaeib, T. &amp; Mahmood, A. Differential Evolution: A Survey and Analysis. Applied Sciences 8, 1945. doi:10.3390/app8101945 (2018).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Petrov, A. A., Druzhinina, O. V., Masina, O. N. &amp; Vasilyeva, I. I. The construction and analysis of four-dimensional models of population dynamics taking into account migration flows. Russian. Uchenye zapiski UlGU. Series: Mathematics and Information Technology”. [in Russian], 43-55 (2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Vucetic, D. Fuzzy Differential Evolution Algorithm in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (2012), 503.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Karpenko, A. P. Modern Search Engine Optimization Algorithms. Algorithms Inspired by Nature 2nd ed. Russian. [in Russian] (N.E. Bauman MSTU, Moscow, 2016).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Simon, D. Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms. Biologically-Inspired and Population-Based Approaches to Computer Intelligence (John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York, 2013).</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
