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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37519</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2023-31-4-399-418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GCUXWK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Methodological derivation of the eikonal equation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Методический вывод уравнения эйконала</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3036-0117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Arseny V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>1042210107@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4092-4326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepa</surname><given-names>Christina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штепа</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>1042210111@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-7610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolkova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королькова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>korolkova_av@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-4895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gevorkyan</surname><given-names>Migran N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Геворкян</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Associate Professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security</p></bio><email>gevorkyan_mn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-7063</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35194130800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-3183-2013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulyabov</surname><given-names>Dmitry S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулябов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Professor of Department of Probability Theory and Cyber Security of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); Senior Researcher of Laboratory of Information Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</p></bio><email>kulyabov_ds@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Joint Institute for Nuclear Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Объединённый институт ядерных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 31, NO4 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 31, №4 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>399</fpage><lpage>418</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Fedorov A.V., Stepa C.A., Korolkova A.V., Gevorkyan M.N., Kulyabov D.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Фёдоров А.В., Штепа К.А., Королькова А.В., Геворкян М.Н., Кулябов Д.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorov A.V., Stepa C.A., Korolkova A.V., Gevorkyan M.N., Kulyabov D.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фёдоров А.В., Штепа К.А., Королькова А.В., Геворкян М.Н., Кулябов Д.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/37519">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/37519</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Usually, when working with the eikonal equation, reference is made to its derivation in the monograph by Born and Wolf. The derivation of this equation was done rather carelessly. Understanding this derivation requires a certain number of implicit assumptions. For a better understanding of the eikonal approximation and for methodological purposes, the authors decided to repeat the derivation of the eikonal equation, explicating all possible assumptions. Methodically, the following algorithm for deriving the eikonal equation is proposed. The wave equation is derived from Maxwell’s equation. In this case, all conditions are explicitly introduced under which it is possible to do this. Further, from the wave equation, the transition to the Helmholtz equation is carried out. From the Helmholtz equation, with the application of certain assumptions, a transition is made to the eikonal equation. After analyzing all the assumptions and steps, the transition from the Maxwell’s equations to the eikonal equation is actually implemented. When deriving the eikonal equation, several formalisms are used. The standard formalism of vector analysis is used as the first formalism. Maxwell’s equations and the eikonal equation are written as three-dimensional vectors. After that, both the Maxwell’s equations and the eikonal equation use the covariant 4-dimensional formalism. The result of the work is a methodically consistent description of the eikonal equation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Обычно при работе с уравнением эйконала ссылаются на его вывод в монографии Борна и Вольфа. Вывод этого уравнения выполнен достаточно небрежно. Для того чтобы разобраться в этом выводе, требуется определённое число имплицитных предположений. Для лучшего понимания приближения эйконала и для методических целей авторы решили повторить вывод уравнения эйконала, эксплицировав все возможные допущения. Методически предлагается следующий алгоритм вывода уравнения эйконала. Из уравнения Максвелла выводится волновое уравнение. При этом явно вводятся все условия, при которых это возможно сделать. Далее от волнового уравнения осуществляется переход к уравнению Гельмгольца. От уравнения Гельмгольца при приложении определённых допущений производится переход к уравнению эйконала. После разбора всех допущений и шагов реализуется собственно переход от уравнений Максвелла к уравнению эйконала. При выводе уравнения эйконала используется несколько формализмов. В качестве первого формализма используется стандартный формализм векторного анализа. Уравнения Максвелла и уравнение эйконала записывается в виде трёхмерных векторов. После этого и для уравнений Максвелла, и для уравнения эйконала используется ковариантный 4-мерный формализм. Результатом работы является методически выдержанное описание уравнения эйконала.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>eikonal</kwd><kwd>Maxwell’s equations</kwd><kwd>wave equation</kwd><kwd>vector representation</kwd><kwd>tensor representation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эйконал</kwd><kwd>уравнения Максвелла</kwd><kwd>волновое уравнение</kwd><kwd>векторное представление</kwd><kwd>тензорное представление</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This publication has been supported by the RUDN University Scientific Projects Grant System, project No 021934-0-000 (Korolkova A. V., Gevorkyan M. N.). This paper has been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>H. Bruns, “Das Eikonal,” German, in Abhandlungen der KöniglichSächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. 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