<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4670</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-7149</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23693</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2658-4670-2020-28-1-5-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Computer Science</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Информатика и вычислительная техника</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Verification of a labor market domain using an academic crowdsourcing system</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Верификация рынка труда с помощью академической краудсорсинговой системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azofeifa</surname><given-names>Esteban J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азофейфа</surname><given-names>Эстебан</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student at the Department of Information Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры информационных технологий</p></bio><email>azofeyfa-gomez-e@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Galina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Галина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Engineering Sciences, director of the Center of Development of Digital Technologies for Educational Processes and assistant professor at the Department of Information Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры информационных технологий</p></bio><email>novikova-gm@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO1 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №1 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Azofeifa E.J., Novikova G.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Азофейфа А.J., Новикова Г.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Azofeifa E.J., Novikova G.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Азофейфа А.J., Новикова Г.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/23693">https://journals.rudn.ru/miph/article/view/23693</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Students desiring to become a valuable good in the labor market are willing to pay a considerable monetary cost to obtain knowledge about their prospective job opportunities, nowadays with a diminishing interest in the obtainment of a diploma. Considering the behavior of the labor market as a domain theory under uncertainty, it is straightforward to expect the presence of contradictions, in the form of salaries unable to be classified due to high inconsistency and variation. We provide an algorithm to verify a labor market domain theory based on a crowdsourcing academic system, in which feedback about possible contradictions is generated as a result of consultations with experts inside of the market and clustered into different contexts. We found that the verification process can be repeated iteratively as long as the students’ overall tuition is equal or greater than a quantity partially defined by the number of different profiles of the students.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время студенты, желающие иметь преимущество на рынке труда, готовы платить значительные деньги за информацию о потенциальных возможностях трудоустройства, тогда как получение диплома волнует их все в меньшей степени. Рассматривая поведение этого рынка труда в качестве теории предметной области в условиях неопределённости, ожидаются некоторые противоречия в виде уровней заработной платы, которые невозможно классифицировать из-за высокой противоречивости и изменчивости. Нами представлен алгоритм верификации теории предметной области рынка труда на основе краудсорсинговой академической системы, в которой обратная связь о возможных противоречиях формируется в результате консультаций с экспертами на рынке и группируется в различных контекстах. Нами обнаружено, что процесс проверки может повторяться итеративно, если общая стоимость обучения студентов равна или превышает количество, частично определяемое числом различных профилей студентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>labor</kwd><kwd>market</kwd><kwd>crowdsourcing</kwd><kwd>curriculum</kwd><kwd>multiagent</kwd><kwd>verification</kwd><kwd>contradiction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>краудсорсинг</kwd><kwd>учебный план</kwd><kwd>мультиагент</kwd><kwd>верификация</kwd><kwd>противоречие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication has been prepared with the support of the “RUDN University Program 5-100”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>M. G. Staton, “Improving Student Job Placement and Assessment Through the Use of Digital Marketing Certification Programs,” Marketing Education Review, vol. 26, pp. 20-24, 2016. DOI: 10.1080/10528008. 2015.1091665.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>M. Scholten and N. Tieben, “Vocational qualification as safety-net? Education-to-work transitions of higher education dropouts in Germany,” Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, vol. 9, 2017. DOI: 10.1186/s40461-017-0050-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>I. Fedorenko and P. Berthon, “Beyond the expected benefits: unpacking value co-creation in crowdsourcing business models,” AMS Review, vol. 7, pp. 183-194, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s13162-017-0106-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>J. Jiang, B. An, Y. Jiang, D. Lin, Z. Bu, J. Cao, and Z. Hao, “Understanding Crowdsourcing Systems from a Multiagent Perspective and Approach,” ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, vol. 13, 2018. DOI: 10.1145/3226028.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>D. E. Difallah, M. Catasta, G. Demartini, P. G. Ipeirotis, and P. CudrMauroux, “The dynamics of micro-task crowdsourcing,” Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web - WWW’15, pp. 238-247, 2015. DOI: 10.1145/2736277.2741685.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>E. J. Azofeifa and G. M. Novikova, “VUZ: a crowdsourced framework for scalable interdisciplinary curriculum design,” 2018 IV International Conference on Information Technologies in Engineering Education (Inforino), pp. 188-193, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/inforino.2018.8581804.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>R. Baker, E. Bettinger, B. Jacob, and I. Marinescu, “The Effect of Labor Market Information on Community College Students’ Major Choice,” Economics of Education Review, vol. 65, pp. 18-30, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.05.005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>N. Engbom, “Firm and Worker Dynamics in an Aging Labor Market,” Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Working Papers 756, Apr. 2019. DOI: 10.21034/wp.756.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>P. Pollok, D. Lüttgens, and F. T. Piller, “How Firms Develop Capabilities for Crowdsourcing to Increase Open Innovation Performance: The Interplay between Organizational Roles and Knowledge Processes,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 36, pp. 412-441, 2019. DOI: 10.1111/jpim.12485.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>A. Sutcliffe, The Domain Theory: Patterns for Knowledge and Software Reuse. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. DOI: 10.1201/ b12455.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>H. S. Sugiarto, E. Lim, and N. L. Sim, “On analysing supply and demand in labor markets: Framework, model and system,” in Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics, Research Collection School of Information Systems, 2019. DOI: 10.1109/DSAA.2019.00066.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>A. Artikis, M. Sergot, J. Pitt, D. Busquets, and R. Riveret, “Specifying and Executing Open Multi-agent Systems,” in Social Coordination Frameworks for Social Technical Systems. Law, Governance and Technology Series. Cham: Springer, 2016, vol. 30. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-31933570-4_10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>T. Wiedemann, C. Manss, and D. Shutin, “Multi-agent exploration of spatial dynamical processes under sparsity constraints,” Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 32, pp. 134-162, 2018. DOI: 10. 1007/s10458-017-9375-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>C. Fieseler, E. Bucher, and C. P. Hoffmann, “Unfairness by Design? The Perceived Fairness of Digital Labor on Crowdworking Platforms,” Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 156, pp. 987-1005, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/ s10551-017-3607-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>R. Casidy and W. Wymer, “A taxonomy of prestige-seeking university students: strategic insights for higher education,” Journal of Strategic Marketing, vol. 26, pp. 140-155, 2018. DOI: 10.1080/0965254X.2016. 1182573.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>H. Buchs, E. Murphy, and M. Buchmann, “Landing a job, sinking a career? The trade-off between occupational downgrading and quick reemployment according to unemployed jobseekers’ career stage and job prospects,” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, vol. 52, pp. 26-35, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2017.10.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>R. M. Smullyan, Theory of Formal Systems: Annals of Mathematics Studies. Princeton University Press, 1961.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>P. Cousot, “Verification by Abstract Interpretation,” in Verification: Theory and Practice. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2003, vol. 2772. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-39910-0_11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>G. M. Novikova, E. J. Azofeifa, and V. R. Milov, “Towards the formalization of contradictions in a legal multiagent system,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 150, pp. 488-494, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.02. 083.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>J. Eklundh and M. Björkman, “Recognition of Objects in the Real World from a Systems Perspective,” Kuenstliche Intelligenz, vol. 19, pp. 12-17, 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>S. Shapiro, “Incompleteness and Inconsistency,” Mind, vol. 111, pp. 817- 832, 2002. DOI: 10.1093/mind/111.444.817.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>P. Cousot, “Conflicts of Ontologies - Classification and Consensus-Based Methods for Resolving,” in Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems. KES 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, vol. 4252. DOI: 10.1007/11893004_ 34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>D. H. Wexler, “Integrating computer technology: Blurring the roles of teachers, students, and experts,” in Computing and Educational Studies: A Special Issue of Educational Studies. Routledge, 2000, vol. 31, pp. 33- 43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>C. M. Chen, C. Y. Liu, and M. H. Chang, “Personalized curriculum sequencing utilizing modified item response theory for web-based instruction,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 30, pp. 378-396, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2005.07.029.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>M. De Paola, V. Scoppa, and R. Nisticó, “Monetary Incentives and Student Achievement in a Depressed Labor Market: Results from a Randomized Experiment,” Journal of Human Capital, vol. 6, pp. 56-85, 2012. DOI: 10.1086/664795.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>T. Collins, R. Hawkins, and E. M. Flowers, “Peer-Mediated Interventions: a Practical Guide to Utilizing Students as Change Agents,” Contemp School Psychol, vol. 22, pp. 213-219, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s40688-017- 0120-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>R. Suzuki, N. Salehi, M. S. Lam, J. C. Marroquin, and M. S. Bernstein, “Atelier: Repurposing Expert Crowdsourcing Tasks as MicroInternships,” in Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2016, pp. 2645-2656. DOI: 10.1145/2858036. 2858121.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>A. Felce, S. Perks, and D. Roberts, “Work-based skills development: a context-engaged approach,” Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, vol. 6, pp. 261-276, 2016. DOI: 10.1108/HESWBL-12-2015- 0058.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>J. Beck, K. Ostrow, and Y. Wang, “Students vs. skills: Partitioning variance explained in learner models,” in Student modeling from different aspects. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2016, pp. 2-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>G. M. Novikova, “Evaluation of the competence of personnel in the corporate management system [Otsenka kompetentnosti personala v korporativnoy sisteme upravleniya],” Competencies and expertise of the modern specialist [Kompetentsii i kompetentnost’ sovremennogo spetsialista], pp. 78-95, 2011, in Russian.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Q. Zou, S. Xie, Z. Lin, M. Wu, and Y. Ju, “Finding the Best Classification Threshold in Imbalanced Classification,” Big Data Research, vol. 5, pp. 2- 8, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.bdr.2015.12.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>S. Russell and P. Norvig, Artificial intelligence. Harlow: Pearson Education UK, 2016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>L. A. Gottlieb, A. Kontorovich, and P. Nisnevitch, “Nearly Optimal Classification for Semimetrics,” Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 18, pp. 1233-1254, 2017. DOI: 10.5555/3122009.3122046.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
