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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52072</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2025-30-3-396-403</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KYJZTF</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A new inhibitor binding site in bacterial RNA polymerase</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Новый сайт связывания ингибитора в бактериальной РНК полимеразе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-6618</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4734-1668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Kirill S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>molodtsov-vn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4375-7194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Molodtsov</surname><given-names>Vadim N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молодцов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>molodtsov-vn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.P. Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медико-генетический научный центр им. Академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">CELL BIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>396</fpage><lpage>403</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Mironov K.S., Molodtsov V.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Миронов К.С., Молодцов В.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironov K.S., Molodtsov V.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронов К.С., Молодцов В.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/52072">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/52072</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Growing resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics is a fundamental threat to healthcare worldwide. Many antibiotics currently used in clinical practice were developed decades ago, and their efficiency has been declining over time. Research efforts focusing on identification and optimization of new promising antibacterial compounds and new molecular targets in bacterial cells establish the foundation for developing new potent antibiotics relevant to modern day clinical needs. The bacterial RNA polymerase is a validated target for a number of natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic antibacterial compounds. This essential enzyme maintains a high potential for developing a new generation of antibiotics. Materials and methods. We prepared a complex of recombinant Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with a new small-molecule transcription inhibitor, and studied it using cryoelectron microscopy to determine the mechanism of inhibition. Results and discussion. The current work establishes the molecular basis of RNA polymerase inhibition by the compound N-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-(2-methylpropyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-8-carboxamide (compound A) that blocks transcription through binding to a previously unknown binding site. We describe interactions of the compound A with RNA polymerase and reveal its mechanism of action that involves steric restriction of template DNA binding in the enzyme active site. We demonstrate that the compound A targets only certain types of transcription complexes since its binding site is formed in part by a dissociable subunit of RNA polymerase. Conclusion. The results of the study may be used for development of conjugates of rifamycins with the compound A to obtain a new class of bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitors with a new mechanism of action.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Растущая устойчивость бактериальных патогенов к антибиотикам представляет собой фундаментальную угрозу для здравоохранения во всем мире. Многие антибиотики, используемые в настоящее время в клинической практике, были разработаны десятилетия назад, и их эффективность со временем снижается. Исследования, направленные на идентификацию и оптимизацию новых перспективных антибактериальных соединений и новых молекулярных мишеней в бактериальных клетках, закладывают основу для разработки новых сильнодействующих антибиотиков, отвечающих современным клиническим потребностям. Бактериальная РНК-полимераза является подтвержденной мишенью для ряда природных, полусинтетических и синтетических антибактериальных соединений. Этот важный фермент обладает высоким потенциалом для разработки нового поколения антибиотиков. Материалы и методы. Мы получили комплекс рекомбинантной РНК-полимеразы Escherichia coli с новым низкомолекулярным ингибитором транскрипции и изучили его с помощью криоэлектронной микроскопии для определения механизма ингибирования. Результаты и обсуждение. В данной работе установлена молекулярная основа ингибирования РНК-полимеразы соединением N-(9H-флуорен-9-ил)-3-(2-метилпропил)-[1,2,4]триазоло[4,3-а]пиридин-8-карбоксамидом (соединение А), которое блокирует транскрипцию путем связывания с ранее неизвестным сайтом связывания. Мы описываем взаимодействие соединения А с РНК-полимеразой и раскрываем его механизм действия, который включает стерическое ограничение связывания матричной ДНК в активном центре фермента. Мы демонстрируем, что соединение А нацелено только на определенные типы транскрипционных комплексов, поскольку его сайт связывания частично образован диссоциируемой субъединицей РНК-полимеразы. Выводы. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для разработки конъюгатов рифамицинов с соединением А с целью получения нового класса ингибиторов бактериальной РНК-полимеразы с новым механизмом действия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacterial transcription</kwd><kwd>RNA polymerase</kwd><kwd>inhibitor</kwd><kwd>mechanism of action</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Бактериальная транскрипция</kwd><kwd>РНК полимераза</kwd><kwd>ингибитор</kwd><kwd>механизм действия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант РНФ 25-74-30007)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant № 25-74-30007 to V.N. 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