<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52066</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2025-30-3-314-327</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KBUNAB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CELL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative characteristics of the molecular biological portrait of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumorand peritumoral tissue</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительная характеристика молекулярно-биологического портрета опухолевой и перитуморальной тканей плоскоклеточного рака головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-0433</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1780-5326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jumaniyazova</surname><given-names>Enar D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джуманиязова</surname><given-names>Э. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4344-8943</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5220-1893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arutyunyan</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнян</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9158-1933</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2582-5511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soboleva</surname><given-names>Anna G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-8240</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3406-3866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3536-3784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulieva</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулиева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-2307</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4521-2250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lokhonina</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лохонина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2133-2293</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3534-3764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3146-5615</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2045-4565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordon</surname><given-names>Konstantin B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордон</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>enar2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека имени академика А.П. Авцына ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, National Medical Research Center of Radiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Цыба - филиал Национального медицинского исследовательского центра радиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">CELL BIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>314</fpage><lpage>327</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-31"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Jumaniyazova E.D., Arutyunyan I.V., Soboleva A.G., Vishnyakova P.A., Gulieva M.A., Lokhonina A.V., Makarov A.V., Gordon K.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Джуманиязова Э.Д., Арутюнян И.В., Соболева А.Г., Вишнякова П.А., Гулиева М.А., Лохонина А.В., Макаров А.В., Гордон К.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jumaniyazova E.D., Arutyunyan I.V., Soboleva A.G., Vishnyakova P.A., Gulieva M.A., Lokhonina A.V., Makarov A.V., Gordon K.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джуманиязова Э.Д., Арутюнян И.В., Соболева А.Г., Вишнякова П.А., Гулиева М.А., Лохонина А.В., Макаров А.В., Гордон К.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/52066">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/52066</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) accounts for about 890,000 new cases of malignant neoplasms (approximately 4.5% of all diagnosed cancer cases worldwide) and 450,000 deaths per year. Even with radical antitumor treatment, more than 40-50% of patients develop relapse, 20-30% of them develop distant metastases, and the five-year survival rate in advanced cases is 25%. Patients with recurrent HNSCC have an unfavorable clinical prognosis with a median overall survival of about 12 months. A high recurrence rate indicates the possible existence of a “sourceˮ of tumor cells, which may be located near the primary tumor, namely in the peritumoral tissue, which necessitates its study. The aim of the study was to compare the structure and expression of genes in the tumor and peritumoral tissues of HNSCC. Materials and methods. Biopsy material of tumor and peritumoral (located at a distance of 2 cm from the tumor border) tissues was obtained from 35 patients with HNSCC. Biopsies were examined by histological method, then the levels of mRNA expression of EGFR, PIK3CA, PTEN, YAP, SLC26A6, ARIH2, UBE2Z, PITX1 genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in samples of tumor tissue and peritumoral region. The RNA Solo kit was used for RNA isolation, and the MMLV RT Kit (Evrogen, Russia) was used for reverse transcription. The amplification reaction with real-time detection was performed on a Real-Time DTprime amplifier (DNA Technology, Russia). Results and discussion. All tumor samples, regardless of anatomical localization, exhibited characteristic morphological features of squamous cell carcinoma. The peritumoral specimens represented visually unchanged tissue with preserved epithelial architecture. The expression of EGFR and PIK3CA genes was higher in tumor tissue samples, while PITX1 expression was higher in peritumoral tissue samples. Conclusion. Increased expression of EGFR and PIK3CA genes in tumor tissue confirms the activation of signaling pathways associated with tumor cell proliferation, survival, and disease progression. In contrast, the higher expression of the putative tumor suppressor gene PITX1 in peritumoral tissue suggests the preservation of regulatory mechanisms limiting malignant transformation outside the tumor focus.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. На долю плоскоклеточного рака головы и шеи (ПРГШ) приходится около 890 000 новых случаев злокачественных новообразований (примерно 4,5 % всех диагностированных случаев в мире) и 450 000 смертей в год. Даже при проведении радикального противоопухолевого лечения у более чем 40-50 % пациентов развивается рецидив, у 20-30 % из них появляются отдаленные метастазы, а общая пятилетняя выживаемость составляет примерно 25%. Пациенты с рецидивами ПРГШ имеют неблагоприятный клинический прогноз с медианой общей выживаемости около 12 месяцев. Высокая частота местных рецидивов свидетельствует о возможном существовании «источника» опухолевых клеток, который может быть локализован недалеко от первичной опухоли, а именно - в перитуморальной ткани, что обуславливает актуальность ее изучения. Цель исследования - сравнительная оценка строения и экспрессии генов в опухолевой и перитуморальной тканях ПРГШ. Материалы и методы. Биопсийный материал опухолевой и перитуморальной (расположенной на расстоянии 2 см от границы опухоли) тканей получен от 35 пациентов с ПРГШ. Образцы биоптатов последовательно исследовали: на первом этапе - гистологическим методом, на втором - методом полимеразной цепной реакции; в образцах опухолевой ткани и перитуморальной области определяли уровни экспрессии мРНК генов EGFR, PIK3CA, PTEN, YAP, SLС26A6, ARIH2, UBE2Z, PITX1. Для выделения РНК использовали набор RNA Solo, а для обратной транскрипции - MMLV RT Kit (все - «Евроген», Россия). Реакцию амплификации с детектированием в режиме реального времени проводили на Real-Time амплификаторе DTprime («ДНК-Технология», Россия). Результаты и обсуждение. Все образцы опухоли, вне зависимости от анатомической локализации, имели характерную для плоскоклеточного рака картину. Образцы перитуморальной зоны представляли собой визуально неизмененную ткань с сохранной архитектоникой эпителия. Экспрессия генов EGFR, PIK3CA была выше в образцах опухолевой ткани, в то время как экспрессия PITX1 была выше в образцах перитуморальной ткани. Выводы. Повышенная экспрессия генов EGFR и PIK3CA в опухолевой ткани указывает на активацию сигнальных путей, связанных с пролиферацией, выживанием клеток и опухолевой прогрессией. Напротив, более высокая экспрессия предполагаемого гена-супрессора опухолей PITX1 в перитуморальной ткани указывает на сохранение регуляторных механизмов, ограничивающих злокачественную трансформацию за пределами опухолевого очага.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck</kwd><kwd>peritumoral tissue</kwd><kwd>tumor tissue</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>перитуморальная ткань</kwd><kwd>опухолевая ткань</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке трёхстороннего соглашения Российского научного фонда № 24-24-00296 от 29.12.2023 по проекту «Влияние протонной терапии на молекулярный портрет микроокружения опухолей головы и шеи» конкурса 2023 года «Проведение фундаментальных научных исследований и поисковых научных исследований малыми индивидуальными научными коллективами» между РНФ, Лохониной А.В. и РУДН</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the tripartite agreement of the Russian Science Foundation № 24-24-00296 dated 29.12.2023 on the project “The effect of proton therapy on the molecular portrait of the microenvironment of head and neck tumorsˮ of the competition 2023 “Conducting basic scientific research and search scientific research by small individual scientific groupsˮ between RSCF, Lokhonina A.V. and RUDN</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Barsouk A, Aluru J S, Rawla P, Saginala K, Barsouk A. Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Medical Sciences. 2023;11(2):42. doi: 10.3390/medsci11020042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Jumaniyazova ED, Sentyabreva АV, Kosyreva АМ, Lokhonina АV. Molecular genetic signatures of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their changes induced by proton irradiation. RUDN Journal of Medicine. 2024;28(4):413–426. doi: 10.22363/2313–0245–2024–28–4–413–426</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Eden D, Ghose A, Moschetta M, Perez-Fidalgo J A, Rassy E, Boussios S. Immunotherapy combined with standard therapies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma–a meta-analysis. Anticancer Research. 2024;44(3):861–878. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.16880</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Machiels J P, Leemans C R, Golusinski W, Grau C, Licitra L, Gregoire V. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, larynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx: EHNS–ESMO–ESTRO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology. 2020;31(11):1462–1475. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.07.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Ionna F, Bossi P, Guida A, Alberti A, Muto P, Salzano G, Perri F. Recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a big and intriguing challenge which may be resolved by integrated treatments combining locoregional and systemic therapies. Cancers. 2021;13(10):2371. doi: 10.3390/cancers13102371</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Samra B, Tam E, Baseri B, Shapira I. Checkpoint inhibitors in head and neck cancer: current knowledge and perspectives. Journal of Investigative Medicine. 2018;66(7):1023–1030. doi: 10.1136/jim‑2018–000743</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Squarize CH, Castilho RM, Abrahao A C, Molinolo A, Lingen MW, Gutkind JSL. PTEN deficiency contributes to the development and progression of head and neck cancer. Neoplasia. 2013;15(5):461–471. doi: 10.1593/neo.121024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Vidotto T, Melo CM, Castelli E, Koti M, Dos Reis RB, Squire JA. Emerging role of PTEN loss in evasion of the immune response to tumours. British journal of cancer. 2020;122(12):1732–1743. doi: 10.1038/s41416–020–0834–6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Segrelles C, Paramio JM, Lorz C. The transcriptional co-activator YAP: A new player in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncology. 2018;86:25–32. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.08.020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Abdel-Hamid N M, Abass S A. Matrix metalloproteinase contribution in management of cancer proliferation, metastasis and drug targeting. Molecular biology reports. 2021;48(9):6525–6538. doi: 10.1007/s11033–021–06635‑z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Vanhaesebroeck B, Stephens L, Hawkins P. PI3K signalling: the path to discovery and understanding. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2012;13(3):195–203. doi: 10.1038/nrm3290</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Rothenberg SM, Ellisen LW. The molecular pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2012;122(6):1951–1957. doi: 10.1172/JCI59889</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Hong Y, He J, Deng D, Liu Q, Zu X, Shen Y. Targeting kinases that regulate programmed cell death: a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Journal of Translational Medicine. 2025;23(1):439. doi: 10.1186/s12967–025–06367–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Vinci M, Treccarichi S, Galati Rando R, Musumeci A, Todaro V, Federico Calì F. A de novo ARIH2 gene mutation was detected in a patient with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):15848. doi: 10.1038/s41598–024–66475–2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Von Stechow L, Typas D, Carreras Puigvert J, Oort L, Siddappa R, Pines A Danen EH. The E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1 protects against genotoxic stress by initiating a 4EHP-mediated mRNA translation arrest. Molecular and cellular biology. 2015; 35(7): 1254–1268. doi: 10.1128/mcb.01152–14</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Li J, Huang S, Liu S, Liao X, Yan S, Liu Q. SLC26 family: a new insight for kidney stone disease. Frontiers in Physiology. 2023;14:1118342. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1118342</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Cao J, Wang P, Chen J, He X. Systemic characterization of the SLC family genes reveals SLC26A6 as a novel oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Translational Cancer Research. 2021;10(6):2882. doi: 10.21037/tcr‑20–1751</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Lee D, Lee P C, Hong JH, Shin DM. Estrogen treatment reduced oxalate transporting activity and enhanced migration through the involvement of SLC26A6 in lung cancer cells. Toxicology in Vitro. 2023;82:105373. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105373</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Bui QT, Hong JH, Kwak M, Lee JY, Lee PCW. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in cancer. Cells. 2021;10(6): 1383. doi: 10.3390/cells10061383.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Shi X, Wang B, Chen X, Zheng Y, Ding Y, Wang C. Upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Z is associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2020;523(1):25–32. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.170</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Kioussi C, Shih H P, Loflin J, Gross MK. Prediction of active nodes in the transcriptional network of neural tube patterning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006;103(49):18621–18626. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0609055103</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Takenobu M, Osaki M, Fujiwara K, Fukuhara T, Kitano H, Kugoh H, Okada F. PITX1 is a novel predictor of the response to chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Molecular and Clinical Oncology. 2016;5(1):89–94. doi: 10.3892/mco.2016.880</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
