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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49081</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2025-30-1-92-101</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CZMLUC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Application of monoclonal antibodiesin primary chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение моноклональных антител при первичном хроническом остеомиелите нижней челюсти у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-7709</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3045-0722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kugushev</surname><given-names>Alexander Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кугушев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>suzandager@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-9059</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6341-8912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>suzandager@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1950-4011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dagher</surname><given-names>Suzan</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дагер</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>suzandager@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница, Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачёва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">SURGERY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ХИРУРГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kugushev A.Y., Lopatin A.V., Dagher S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Кугушев А.Ю., Лопатин А.В., Дагер С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kugushev A.Y., Lopatin A.V., Dagher S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кугушев А.Ю., Лопатин А.В., Дагер С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/49081">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/49081</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Primary chronic osteomyelitis (PCO) is a rare condition that poses diagnostic challenges, primarily affecting children between the ages of 5 and 17. It can occur in various bones, including the mandible in the maxillofacial region. The complexity of distinguishing PCO from infections, tumors, metabolic disorders, and other inflammatory conditions has led to misdiagnoses, resulting in inappropriate treatment strategies and recurrent episodes. Currently, there is no standardized treatment protocol for PCO, with most therapies starting with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage symptoms. The purpose of this case report is to find a new treatment approach by using monoclonal antibodies such as Denosumab in the treatment protocol. Monoclonal antibodies like Denosumab have shown promising results by targeting the RANKL-RANK interaction, inhibiting osteoclast activity, and reducing inflammatory bone resorption. Materials and Methods: In the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital - a branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian National Research Medical University named after. N.I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of Moscow from 2015 to 2023, 45 children underwent inpatient treatment for primary chronic osteomyelitis (PCO). Of these, 17 children received combination therapy, which included decortication with removal of all granulomatous tissue and administration of the drug Denosumab, and that is after receiving negative culture results which conforms the diagnose of PCO. From these 17 patients, a 9-year-old girl with a persistently relapsing course was selected for this article. Results: The treatment methods employed in this clinical case successfully increased the density of the affected area. However, if small cystic components were retained and the sanitation of the granulated tissues was incomplete, a relapse occurred, necessitating repeated surgical treatment. Conclusion: By using this approach, we found that the intervals between collapses have been prolonged; leaving no doubt that the addition of Denosumab to the treatment protocol has played a significant role in achieving this optimal result by maintaining remission stability, even after the symptoms disappeared.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Первично-хронический остеомиелит (ПХО) - редкое заболевание, которое представляет диагностические трудности, в основном поражая детей в возрасте от 5 до 17 лет. Оно может возникать в различных костях, включая нижнюю челюсть в челюстно-лицевой области. Сложность различения ПХО от инфекций, опухолей, метаболических нарушений и других воспалительных состояний привела к ошибочным диагнозам, что привело к неадекватным стратегиям лечения и рецидивирующим эпизодам. В настоящее время не существует стандартизированный протокол лечения ПХО, при этом большинство терапий начинаются с нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП) для лечения симптомов. Целью данного отчета о случае является поиск нового подхода к лечению с использованием моноклональных антител, таких как деносумаб, в протоколе лечения. Моноклональные антитела, такие как деносумаб, показали многообещающие результаты, воздействуя на взаимодействие RANKL-RANK, ингибируя активность остеокластов и уменьшая воспалительную резорбцию кости. Материалы и методы: В отделении челюстно-лицевой хирургии Российской детской клинической больницы - филиала ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России по г. Москве с 2015 по 2023 г. 45 детей проходили стационарное лечение по поводу первичного хронического остеомиелита (ПХО). Из них 17 детям проводилась комплексная терапия, включавшая декортикацию с удалением всей гранулематозной ткани и назначение препарата деносумаб, и это после получения отрицательных результатов посева, что подтверждает диагноз ПХО. Из этих 17 пациентов для данной статьи была выбрана девочка 9 лет с упорно рецидивирующим течением. Результаты и обсуждение. Примененный в данном клиническом случае метод лечения позволил успешно увеличить плотность пораженной зоны. Однако при сохранении мелких кистозных очаги и неполной санации гранулематозных тканей возникал рецидив, требующий повторного хирургического лечения. Выводы. При использовании данного подхода мы обнаружили, что периоды между рецидивами удлиняются, что не оставляет сомнений в том, что включение деносумаба в протокол лечения сыграло значительную роль в достижении стойкой ремиссии за счет поддержания стабильности результатов даже после исчезновения симптомов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary chronic osteomyelitis</kwd><kwd>rare diseases</kwd><kwd>auto inflammatory bone diseases</kwd><kwd>denosumab</kwd><kwd>antiresorptive treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первично-хронический остеомиелит</kwd><kwd>редкие заболевания</kwd><kwd>аутовоспалительные заболевания костей</kwd><kwd>деносумаб</kwd><kwd>антирезорбтивное лечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao Y, Wu EY, Oliver MS, Cooper AM, Basiaga ML, Vora SS, Lee TC, Fox E, Amarilyo G, Stern SM, Dvergsten JA. 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