<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">49079</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2025-30-1-66-79</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CYRUQS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Auto-graft vs 3D printed implant in reconstruction of frontal bone region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аутотрансплантат и 3D-печатный имплантат при реконструкции лобной области</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-7709</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3045-0722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kugushev</surname><given-names>Alexander Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кугушев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>farahssadek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-9059</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6341-8912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>farahssadek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7592-0124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadek</surname><given-names>Farah</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садек</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>farahssadek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1950-4011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dagher</surname><given-names>Suzan</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дагер</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>farahssadek@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center Of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачёва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">SURGERY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ХИРУРГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-22"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kugushev A.Y., Lopatin A.V., Sadek F., Dagher S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Кугушев А.Ю., Лопатин А.В., Садек Ф., Дагер С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kugushev A.Y., Lopatin A.V., Sadek F., Dagher S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кугушев А.Ю., Лопатин А.В., Садек Ф., Дагер С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/49079">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/49079</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Fibrous dysplasia is a pathological condition characterized by the substitution of normal bone with fibrous tissue. The progression of this disorder generally stabilizes with increasing age. Clinically, it may manifest as painless swelling and facial asymmetry. Radiographic examination reveals well-defined margins, intramedullary expansion, maintenance of a smooth cortical contour, and ground-glass appearance. Histologically, the condition is distinguished by the presence of fibrous tissue replacing bone, along with irregularly arranged and randomly oriented bony trabeculae. Current treatment approaches frequently involve surgical intervention utilizing custom-fabricated polyether ether ketone (PEEK) implants or autogenous bone grafts, such as calvarial grafts. Materials and Methods. In the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital (RCCH) - a branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian National Research Medical University named after. N.I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of Moscow, 65 patients, from 2016 to 2023, were treated for histologically confirmed fibrous dysplasia in the frontal bone. Among them, 2 patients (7 years old girl, and 17 years old boy) were treated with 3D implants made from PEEK, and 2 patients (6 years old boy, and 9 years old girl) were treated with calvarial graft. Results and Discussion. The application of 3D implants has effectively enforce the primary stability of the reconstructed area. The lesion was successfully addressed, achieving an optimal aesthetic outcome characterized by a combination of strength, lightweight properties, and biocompatibility, without any observed complications or failures. Notably, recurrences have been recognized in patients who underwent treatment with calvarial grafts over five years after the operation. Conclusion. PEEK is a thermoplastic polymer characterized by its non-absorbable and nonporous properties, which allows for intraoperative modifications and provides optimal imaging characteristics in the postoperative period. On the other hand, it has been observed that auto-grafts may exhibit a higher risk of failure compared to custom-fabricated implants.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Фиброзная дисплазия - патологическое состояние, характеризующееся замещением нормальной кости фиброзной тканью. Прогрессирование этого расстройства обычно стабилизируется с возрастом. Клинически это может проявляться в виде безболезненного отека и асимметрии лица. Рентгенологическое исследование выявляет четко очерченные края, интрамедуллярное расширение, сохранение гладкого кортикального контура и вид матового стекла. Гистологически это состояние отличается наличием фиброзной ткани, заменяющей кость, а также нерегулярно расположенными и беспорядочно ориентированными костными трабекулами. Современные подходы к лечению часто включают хирургическое вмешательство с использованием изготовленных на заказ имплантатов из полиэфирэфиркетона (ПЭЭК) или аутогенных костных трансплантатов, таких как трансплантаты свода черепа. Материалы и методы. В отделении челюстно-лицевой хирургии Российской детской клинической больницы (РДКБ) - филиала ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» с 2016 по 2023 г. проводилось лечение 65 пациентов с гистологически подтвержденной фиброзной дисплазией лобной кости. Из них 2 пациентам (девочке 7 лет и мальчику 17 лет) были выполнены операции с использованием 3D-имплантатов из PEEK, а 2 пациентам (мальчику 6 лет и девочке 9 лет) - операции с использованием трансплантата из кости свода черепа. Результаты и обсуждение. Применение 3D-имплантатов эффективно усилило первичную стабильность реконструированной области. Поражение было успешно устранено, достигнув оптимального эстетического результата, характеризующегося сочетанием прочности, легкости и биосовместимости, без каких-либо наблюдаемых осложнений или неудач. В частности, рецидивы были выявлены у пациентов, прошедших лечение с использованием трансплантатов свода черепа в течение пяти лет после операции. Выводы. PEEK - это термопластичный полимер, характеризующийся своими нерассасывающимися и непористыми свой-ствами, что позволяет проводить интраоперационные модификации и обеспечивает оптимальные характеристики визуализации в послеоперационный период. С другой стороны, было отмечено, что аутотрансплантаты могут демонстрировать более высокий риск неудач по сравнению с изготовленными на заказ имплантатами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>frontal bone</kwd><kwd>fibrous dysplasia</kwd><kwd>polyether ether ketone</kwd><kwd>3D implant</kwd><kwd>calvarial graft</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лобная кость</kwd><kwd>фиброзная дисплазия</kwd><kwd>полиэфирэфиркетон</kwd><kwd>3D-имплантат</kwd><kwd>трансплантат свода черепа</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ha-Young K, Shim JH, Heo CY. A Rare Skeletal Disorder, Fibrous Dysplasia: A Review of Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Prospects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(21):15591. doi:10.3390/ijms242115591</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Avedova DYu, Osipova YL, Zyulkina LA, Yurkevich AV, Ushnitsky ID. Efficiency of using autogenous bone in combination with xenogeneic bone material in guided regeneration of bone tissue in an experiment. Yakut Medical Journal. 2025;(4):35–8 doi: 10.25789/YMJ.2023.84.09</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Papadaki ME, Troulis MJ, Kaban LB. Advances in diagnosis and management of fibro-osseous lesions. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics. 2005;17(4):415–34. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2005.06.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>SILVA LV, Arruda JA, Martelli SJ, KATO CD, Nunes LF, Vasconcelos AC, Tarquinio SB, Gomes AP, Gomez RS, Mesquita RA, SILVEIRA MM. A multicenter study of biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions in a Brazilian pediatric population. Brazilian oral research. 2018;32: e20. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Kueper J, Tsimbal C, Olsen BR, Kaban L, Liao EC. SH3BP2‑related fibro-osseous disorders of the maxilla and mandible: A systematic review. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2022;51(1):54–61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.04.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Obermeier KT, Hartung JT, Hildebrandt T, Dewenter I, Smolka W, Hesse E, Fegg F, Otto S, Malenova Y, Abdullah A. Fibrous dysplasia of the jaw: advances in imaging and treatment. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023;12(12):4100. doi: 10.3390/jcm12124100</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Lee JS, FitzGibbon EJ, Chen YR, Kim HJ, Lustig LR, Akintoye SO, Collins MT, Kaban LB. Clinical guidelines for the management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 2012;7:1–19. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-S1-S2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ricalde P, Magliocca KR, Lee JS. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America. 2012 Aug 1;24(3):427–441 doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2012.05.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kim DY. Current concepts of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: pathophysiology and treatment. Archives of Craniofacial Surgery. 2023;24(2):41. doi: 10.7181/acfs.2023.00101</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>MacDonald DS. Maxillofacial fibro-osseous lesions. Clinical Radiology. 2015;70(1): 25–36. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.06.022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kugushev AYu, Lopatin AV, Yasonov SA, Bolotin MV, Rogozhin DV. Fibrous dysplasia of the maxillofacial region: clinical and radiological analysis of 15 years of experience. Head and Neck Tumors. 2018;8(3):12–20. (In Russian) doi: 10.17650/2222146820188-31220</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кугушев А.Ю., Лопатин А.В., Ясонов С.А., Болотин М.В., Рогожин Д.В. Фиброзная дисплазия челюстно-лицевой области: клинико-рентгенологический анализ 15‑летнего опыта // Опухоли головы и шеи. 2018. T. 8(3). С. 12–20. doi: 10.17650/2222146820188-31220</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Waldron CA. Fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery. 1993. doi: 10.1016/S0278-2391 (10) 80097-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Jeyaraj P. Histological diversity, diagnostic challenges, and surgical treatment strategies of fibrous dysplasia of upper and mid-thirds of the craniomaxillofacial complex. Annals of maxillofacial surgery. 2019;9(2):289–314. doi: 10.4103/ams.ams_219_19</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>McClain KL, Bigenwald C, Collin M, Haroche J, Marsh RA, Merad M, Picarsic J, Ribeiro KB, Allen CE. Histiocytic disorders. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2021;7(1):73. doi: 10.1038/s41572-021-00307-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Jahan D, Haque M. A Narrative Literature Review on the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Intervention Approaches of Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia in Bones: A Bangladeshi Case Report. Advances in Human Biology. 2020;10(2):71–78. doi: 10.4103/AIHB.AIHB_26_20</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Gomez CK, Schiffman SR, Bhatt AA. Radiological review of skull lesions. Insights into Imaging. 2018;9:857–882. doi: 10.1007/s13244-018-0643-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Bhardwaj S, Pendem S, Kalyani P, Selvarasu K, Krishnan M. A Novel Method of Frontal Bone Reconstruction Using Patient-Specific Implants and Costochondral Grafts: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16(4). doi: 10.7759/cureus.57767</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Dova S, Karkos PD, Constantinidis J. Reconstruction of frontal defects with calvarial grafts. Rhinology. 2018;56(3):297–302. doi: 10.4193/Rhin17.185</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kugushev AYu, Lopatin AV, Yasonov SA. 10‑year experience in treating fibrous dysplasia of the maxillofacial region with alendronic acid preparations. Issues of hematology/oncology and immunopathology in pediatrics. 2018;17(3):36–42. (In Russian). doi: 10.24287/1726-1708-2018-17-3-36-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кугушев А.Ю., Лопатин А.В., Ясонов С.А. 10‑летний опыт лечения фиброзной дисплазии челюстно-лицевой области препаратами алендроновой кислоты // Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2018. Т. 17(3). С. 36–42. doi: 10.24287/1726-1708-2018-17-3-36-42</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Lee JS, FitzGibbon EJ, Chen YR, Kim HJ, Lustig LR, Akintoye SO, Collins MT, Kaban LB. Clinical guidelines for the management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. InOrphanet journal of rare diseases. 2012;7:1–19. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-S1-S2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopatin AV, Yasonov SA, Kugushev AYu, Rogozhin, DV. Craniometaphyseal dysplasia: clinical manifestations, difficulties in differential diagnosis and treatment options. Journal of the All-Russian public organization “Federation of specialists in the treatment of diseases of the head and neck”. 2020. (In Russian).doi: 10.25792/HN.2020.8.2.22-32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лопатин, А.В., Ясонов, С.А., Кугушев, А.Ю. and Рогожин, Д.В., Краниометафизарная дисплазия: клинические проявления, трудности дифференциальной диагностики и варианты лечения. Голова и шея. Российское издание // Журнал Общероссийской общественной организации» Федерация специалистов по лечению заболеваний головы и шеи. 2020. doi: 10.25792/HN.2020.8.2.22-32</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Liu Y, Xie S, Ding J, Zhang Y, Deng L, Yao Y, Xiong Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Liu Y. Complex Frontal Bone Reconstruction Using Computer-designed Polyetheretherketone Implant: Case Report and Literature Review. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery–Global Open. 2024;12(8): e6007. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000006007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Wei Z, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Weng X. Polyetheretherketone development in bone tissue engineering and orthopedic surgery. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2023;11:1207277. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1207277</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Yavuzer R, Başterzi Y, Doğulu F, Sezer C, Çelebi MC, Baykaner K. Reconstruction with autoclavized dysplastic bone graft in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: A case report. Turkish Neurosurgery. 2002;12(3–4).</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
