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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47655</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2025-29-4-543-553</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ATHSRH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunohistochemical study of P53 protein expression in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммуногистохимическое исследование экспрессии белка P53 при развитии плоскоклеточного рака слизистой полости рта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8387-4413</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7209-9893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivina</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>chen.juliya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-9220</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6896-9690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tigay</surname><given-names>Yuliya O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тигай</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>chen.juliya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-2901</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2165-2702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Familia Frias</surname><given-names>Diana Rosina</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фамилья Фриас</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>chen.juliya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-9017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9614-7204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rabinovich</surname><given-names>Olga F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рабинович</surname><given-names>О. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>chen.juliya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5512-6813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2651-8409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babichenko</surname><given-names>Igor I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабиченко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>chen.juliya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">MEDICAL GENETICS</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА</issue-title><fpage>543</fpage><lpage>553</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Ivina A.A., Tigay Y.O., Familia Frias D.R., Rabinovich O.F., Babichenko I.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Ивина А.А., Тигай Ю.О., Фамилья Фриас Д.Р., Рабинович О.Ф., Бабиченко И.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivina A.A., Tigay Y.O., Familia Frias D.R., Rabinovich O.F., Babichenko I.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивина А.А., Тигай Ю.О., Фамилья Фриас Д.Р., Рабинович О.Ф., Бабиченко И.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/47655">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/47655</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Studies on the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa are of paramount importance due to the widespread of the disease and its aggressive course. When histological examination of the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa is not always possible to determine the first signs of malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma can develop from epithelial hyperplasia and epithelial dysplasia of varying severity. In addition to histological research methods, immunohistochemical method is widely used for tumor diseases, in which the Ki-67 protein is used, with which the proliferation of epithelial cells can be determined, as well as the P53 protein encoding the TP53 gene, which is a suppressor of tumor growth. It is activated only in the presence of damage to the cell genome. The aim was to evaluate the expression of Ki-67 and P53 proteins in the development of dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa. Materials and Methods. Four groups were identified for the study: group 1-16 patients (34.7%) diagnosed with epithelial hyperplasia, group 2-8 patients (17.3%) diagnosed with low-grade epithelial dysplasia, group 3-9 (19.5%) with a diagnosis of “high-grade epithelial dysplasia”, group 4-13 (28.2%) with a diagnosis of “squamous cell carcinoma”. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67 (clone MM1, Diagnostic Biosystems, USA) was used to determine cell proliferation. P53 expression was determined using mouse monoclonal antibodies to the P53 protein (Clone D 07, Novocastra, UK). Monoclonal rabbit antibodies P53 (Clone Y5 Epitomics, USA) were used to study only the “mutant type” of the P53 protein. Results and Discussion. The expression of Ki-67 and P53 proteins were observed in all groups. However, the minimum number of immunopositive cells in the study of P53 (Clone D 07) and P53 (Clone Y5) was observed in the epithelial hyperplasia group, and the maximum in the squamous cell carcinoma group. The increase in the number of stained cells significantly increased as the degree of epithelial dysplasia increased from epithelial hyperplasia and low grade epithelial dysplasia to high grade epithelial dysplasia, etc. Conclusion. Thus, the detection of the expression of the P53 protein (Clone Y5) in the epithelium indicates the presence of changes in the genetic apparatus and metabolism of cells, which can be used in the early diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Исследования развития плоскоклеточного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта имеют первостепенное значение из-за широкого распространения заболевания и агрессивного течения. При гистологическом изучении развития плоскоклеточного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта не всегда возможно определить первые признаки малигнизации. Плоскоклеточный рак может развиваться из эпителиальной гиперплазии и эпителиальной дисплазии разной степени выраженности. Помимо гистологических методов исследования для опухолевых заболеваний широко используют имуногистохимический метод, при котором используют белок Ki-67, с помощью которого можно определить пролиферацию клеток эпителия, также белок Р53 кодирующий ген TP53, который является супрессором опухолевого роста. Он активируется только при наличии повреждения генома клетки. Цель - оценить экспрессию белков Ki-67 и P53 при развитии дисплазии и плоскоклеточного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта. Материал и методы. Для исследования были выделены четыре группы: 1-я группа - 16 пациентов (34,7 %) с диагнозом «эпителиальная гиперплазия», 2-я группа 8 пациентов (17,3 %) с диагнозом «эпителиальная дисплазия низкой степени», 3-я группа - 9 (19,5 %) с диагнозом «эпителиальная дисплазия высокой степени», 4-я группа - 13 (28,2 %) с диагнозом «плоскоклеточный рак». Для определения пролиферации клеток использовали мышиные моноклональные антитела к Ki-67 (клон ММ1, Diagnostic Biosystems, США). Экспрессию P53 определяли при помощи мышиных моноклональных антител к белку P53 (Clone D07, Novocastra, Великобритания). Для исследования только «мутантного типа» белка P53 использовали моноклональные кроличьи антитела P53 (Clone Y5 Epitomics, США). Результаты и обсуждения. Экспрессия белков Ki-67 и P53 отмечалась во всех группах. Однако минимальное количество иммунопозитивных клеток при исследовании P53 (Clone D07) и P53 (Clone Y5) наблюдалось в группе эпителиальная гиперплазия, а максимальное в группе плоскоклеточный рак. Увеличение количества окрашенных клеток достоверно увеличивалось по мере возрастания степени дисплазии эпителия от эпителиальной гиперплазии и эпителиальной гиперплазии низкой степени тяжести к эпителиальной гиперплазии высокой степени тяжести и плоскоклеточному раку. Выводы. Таким образом, выявление экспрессии белка Р53 (Clone Y5) в эпителии указывает на наличие изменения генетического аппарата и метаболизма клеток, что можно использовать при ранней диагностике плоскоклеточного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MTP53</kwd><kwd>WTP53</kwd><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>epithelial dysplasia</kwd><kwd>protein P53</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>MTP53</kwd><kwd>WTP53</kwd><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак</kwd><kwd>дисплазия эпителия</kwd><kwd>белок P53</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyakova EN, Briko NI, Lopukhov PD. Characteristics of the head and neck cancer incidence potentially associated with human papillomavirus in Russia in 2007–2018. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2021;24(2):30–36. 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