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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46810</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2025-29-1-9-26</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EFIPOX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSIOLOGY. EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development of ideas about the physiology of metabolism</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Развитие представлений о физиологии обмена веществ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-4395</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8681-6985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subotyalova</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суботялова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>subotyalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-1254</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9170-4604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subotyalov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суботялов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>subotyalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">PHYSIOLOGY. EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-01"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Subotyalova A.M., Subotyalov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Суботялова А.М., Суботялов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Subotyalova A.M., Subotyalov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суботялова А.М., Суботялов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/46810">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/46810</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the history of the development of metabolic physiology, starting from the study of the general principles of metabolism in the early modern period to research in recent decades. In studying the history of medical and biological disciplines, an important part is the identification of the stages of their formation and development. In this regard, it seems important to make a historical-scientific review of the development of ideas about metabolic physiology, showing the contribution of researchers from different regions. It will be useful for teaching historical-scientific and special disciplines, as well as for researchers studying the history of physiology. The purpose of the article: to analyze the development of ideas about the physiology of metabolism in Modern and Contemporary times. Research materials. In preparing this text, articles in publications included in the RSCI and PubMed were used. The depth of the search for publications was 20 years, and a number of earlier works relevant to the research topic were also included in the review. Research results. The results on the development of ideas about the physiology of metabolism were summarized. The first experiments began in the early modern period. For this purpose, calorimeters were designed to measure the amount of heat generated. The data obtained prompted scientists to study the chemical composition of body tissues, the composition of food substances entering the body, and the end products of decay released. On this basis, nutrition standards were developed in the second half of the 19th century. During the 20th century, the protein nature of enzymes was established, the mechanism of regulation of blood glucose levels was studied, the role of B vitamins in metabolism was clarified, etc. The contribution of Russian physiologists to the development of metabolic physiology is shown (Bidder G., Shmidt A., Sechenov I.M., Mikhailov V.P., Babskii E.B., Savitskii N.N.). The history of the development of metabolic physiology can be considered when studying special issues within the university disciplines «Normal Physiology», «History of Medicine», «History of Biology».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена истории развития физиологии обмена веществ начиная с выяснения общих принципов метаболизма в раннее Новое время до исследований последних десятилетий. В изучении истории медицинских и биологических дисциплин важную часть составляет выявление этапов их становления и развития. В связи с этим представляется важным сделать историко-научный обзор развития представлений о физиологии обмена веществ, отражающий вклад исследователей разных регионов, который будет полезным для преподавания историко-научных и специальных дисциплин, а также для исследователей, занимающихся изучением истории физиологии. Цель: анализ развития представлений о физиологии обмена веществ в Новое и Новейшее время. Материалы исследования. При подготовке текста данной публикации использовались статьи в изданиях, включенных в РИНЦ и PubMed. Глубина поиска публикаций составила 20 лет, также в обзор включен ряд более ранних работ, соответствующих теме исследования. Результаты исследования. Обобщены результаты о развитии представлений о физиологии обмена веществ. Первые эксперименты начали проводить в раннее Новое время. Для этого конструировались калориметры для измерения количества выделяемого тепла. Получаемые данные побуждали ученых изучать химический состав тканей тела, состав пищевых веществ, поступающих в организм, и выделяемые конечные продукты распада. На этой основе во второй половине XIX века разрабатывались стандарты питания. В течение XX века была установлена белковая природа ферментов, изучен механизм регуляции уровня глюкозы в крови, выяснена роль витаминов группы B в обмене веществ и др. Показан вклад отечественных физиологов в развитие физиологии обмена веществ (Биддер Г., Шмидт А., Сеченов И.М., Михайлов В.П., Бабский Е.Б., Савицкий Н.Н.). История развитии физиологии обмена веществ может рассматриваться при изучении специальных вопросов в рамках вузовских дисциплин «Нормальная физиология», «История медицины», «История биологии».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of science</kwd><kwd>history of medicine</kwd><kwd>history of physiology</kwd><kwd>metabolic processes</kwd><kwd>metabolism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история науки</kwd><kwd>история медицины</kwd><kwd>история физиологии</kwd><kwd>обмен веществ</kwd><kwd>метаболизм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Eknoyan G. Santorio Sanctorius (1561–1636) — founding father of metabolic balance studies. 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