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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Медицина</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-0245</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-0261</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46091</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-0245-2025-29-3-385-396</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RATJAU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPHTHALMOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of mydriasis degree on intraoperative complications in patients with complicated cataract associated with pseudoexfoliative syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние степени мидриаза на интраоперационные осложнения у пациентов с осложненной катарактой на фоне псевдоэксфолиативного синдрома</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-2948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekmirova</surname><given-names>Bermet B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекмирова</surname><given-names>Б. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>Bermet_bekmirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-6236</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1697-6960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>Michael A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>Bermet_bekmirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Policlinic No. 2</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская поликлиника № 2, филиал 3</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ FriendshipUniversity of Russian (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Buyanow Moscow City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница имени В.М. Буянова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">ONCOLOGY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ОНКОЛОГИЯ</issue-title><fpage>385</fpage><lpage>396</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-25"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bekmirova B.B., Frolov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Бекмирова Б.Б., Фролов М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekmirova B.B., Frolov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бекмирова Б.Б., Фролов М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/46091">https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/46091</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Cataract is one of the causes of blindness and low vision among the pathology of the organ of vision. Medication to cure cataracts is extremely ineffective. According to statistics, over the past year, there are about a million patients diagnosed with cataracts. The main method of surgical treatment of cataracts is phacoemulsification. The main cause of a narrow pupil with lens opacities is pseudoexfoliative syndrome, which affects the development of the disease, both in the intraoperative and postoperative periods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of mydriasis on intraoperative complications in patients with complicated cataract in PES. Materials and Methods. The study involved 176 patients of varying severity of PES and a control group without signs of PES. Patients underwent ophthalmological diagnostics (visometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, CCFM, ruler for measuring pupil diameter, pneumotonometry, IOP according to A.N. Maklakov, 10g weight, OST of the anterior segment). In addition to ophthalmological examinations, all patients underwent anamnesis and laboratory tests before surgery according to generally accepted methods. Preoperative preparation of the patient included both drug therapy and a psychological aspect. Particular importance was attached to premedication. All patients in all study groups were prescribed a sedative (per os) 1 hour before surgery. In all observation groups, in order to achieve the cycloplegia required during the operation, instillations of mydriatics were performed according to the scheme. Results and Discussion. Evaluation of the results revealed that the degree of mydriasis is a statistically significant risk factor for the development of all complications except “conjunctiva”. For the conjunctiva, no statistically significant risk factors were found among the selected parameters. AUC for ROC curves are in the range of 0.7–0.9 for all complications, which indicates a good and satisfactory choice of model parameters. In the “photophobia” regression, the risk of developing complications is 6 higher with mydriasis up to 5 mm in the postoperative period, and 26 times higher to get a complication with mydriasis less than 4 mm. In the regression of “chamber moisture” — the moisture of the anterior and posterior chambers, the risk of developing turbid fluid is 353 times higher with mydriasis less than 4 mm, and 27 times higher with mydriasis up to 5 mm. Conclusion. The characteristic signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome undoubtedly complicate the surgeon’s work: rigid narrow pupil, ciliary muscle weakness, iridodonesis, phacodonesis. When planning cataract surgery, special attention should be paid to diagnosis, history taking in terms of general somatic features, and the choice of mydriatics. This work showed how much the degree of mydriasis can influence complications in the intraoperative period.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность. Одна из причин слепоты и слабовидения среди патологии органа зрения является катаракта. Медикаментозно вылечить катаракту крайне малоэффективно. По данным статистики, за последний год больных с диагнозом «катаракта» составляет около миллиона. Основной способ хирургического лечения катаракты является факоэмульсификация. Основные причины узкого зрачка при помутнений хрусталика является псевдоэксфолиативный синдром, который влияет на развитие заболевания как в интраоперационном, так и в послеоперационном периодах. Цель настоящего исследования – оценить влияние степени мидриаза на интраоперационные осложнения у пациентов с осложненной катарактой на фоне ПЭС. Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимали участие 176 пациентов различной степени тяжести ПЭС и контрольная группа без признаков ПЭС. Пациентам проводили офтальмологическую диагностику (визометрия, биомикроскопия, офтальмоскопия, КЧСМ, линейка для измерения диаметра зрачка, пневмотонометрию, ВГД по А.Н. Маклакову, грузом 10 г, ОСТ переднего отрезка). Всем пациентам помимо офтальмологических исследований, перед операцией проводили сбор анамнеза, лабораторные исследования по общепринятой методике. Предоперационная подготовка пациента включала в себя как медикаментозную терапию, так и психологический аспект. Особое значение придавалось премедикации. За 1 час до операции всем пациентам во всех исследуемых группах назначали седативный препарат (per os). Во всех группах наблюдения, для достижения необходимого в ходе операции циклоплегии, проводили инстилляции мидриатиков по схеме. Результаты и обсуждение. Оценка результатов выявила, что степень мидриаза является статистически значимым фактором риска для развития всех осложнений кроме «конъюнктива». Для конъюнктивы статистически значимых факторов риска среди выбранных параметров не обнаружено. AUC для ROC-кривых лежат в диапазоне 0,7–0,9 по всем осложнениям, что говорит о хорошем и удовлетворительном выборе параметров модели. В регрессии «светобоязни» риск развития осложнений в 6 раз выше при мидриазе до 5 мм, в послеоперационном периоде, и в 26 раз выше шанс получить осложнение при мидриазе менее 4 мм. В регрессии «камерной влаги» — влага передней и задней камеры — риск развития мутной жидкости в 353 раза выше при мидриазе менее 4 мм, и в 27 раз выше при мидриазе до 5 мм. Выводы. Характерные признаки псевдоэксфолиативного синдрома, несомненно, усложняют работу хирурга: ригидный узкий зрачок, слабость циллиарной мыщцы, иридодонез, факодонез. Особое внимание при планировании хирургии катаракты следует уделять внимание диагностике, сбору анамнеза в плане общесоматических особенностей и выбору мидриатиков. В данной работе показано, насколько сильно может повлиять степень мидриаза на осложнения в интраоперационном периоде.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>complicated cataract</kwd><kwd>pseudoexfoliation syndrome</kwd><kwd>mydriatics</kwd><kwd>cycloplegia</kwd><kwd>rigid pupil</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осложненная катаракта</kwd><kwd>псевдоксфолиативный синдром</kwd><kwd>мидриатики</kwd><kwd>циклоплегия</kwd><kwd>ригидный зрачок</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aznabaev BM. Ultrasound cataract surgery-­phacoemulsification. Мoscow: August Borg; 2005. 136 p. 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